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1.
Bacaro, Valeria; Chiabudini, Marco; Buonanno, Carlo; Bartolo, Paola De; Riemann, Dieter; Mancini, Francesco; Baglioni, Chiara
SLEEP CHARACTERISTICS IN ITALIAN CHILDREN DURING HOME CONFINEMENT DUE TO COVID-19 OUTBREAK Journal Article
In: Clinical Neuropsychiatry , vol. 18, no 1, pp. 13-27, 2021.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tag: children, COVID-19, Emotions, health, home confinement, insomnia, sleep, sleep hygiene
@article{Bacaro2021,
title = {SLEEP CHARACTERISTICS IN ITALIAN CHILDREN DURING HOME CONFINEMENT DUE TO COVID-19 OUTBREAK},
author = {Valeria Bacaro and Marco Chiabudini and Carlo Buonanno and Paola De Bartolo and Dieter Riemann and Francesco Mancini and Chiara Baglioni},
editor = {Franco Angeli Editore},
url = {https://apc.it/2021-sleep-characteristics-in-italian-children-clinical21_1_bacaroetal-2/},
doi = {doi.org/10.36131/ cnfioritieditore20210102},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-02-01},
journal = {Clinical Neuropsychiatry },
volume = {18},
number = {1},
pages = {13-27},
abstract = {Objective: Italy faced one of the first large clusters of COVID-19 infections worldwide. Home confinement and social distancing could have negatively impacted sleep habits and prevalence of sleep disorders in children, which may be also linked with altered emotional processes. The present study focused on clinical aspects related
to sleep, insomnia and emotions in Italian children aged 0-to-12 years during home confinement due to COVID-19 outbreak.
Method: An online survey was systematically distributed in all Italian territories by contacting regional offices of the Italian Ministry of Instruction, University and Research (MIUR) and schools with available contact. All respondents had to be parents of at least one child aged 0 to 12 years old. Information on sociodemographic variables,
sleep habits, sleep health behaviors, sleep disorders and mood were collected.
Results: Parents of 2361 children (mean age: 8.1 ± 2.62 years; 1148 females; 1213 males) answered the survey. 1.2% of children was between 0 and 2 years old; 15.3% within 3 to 5 years and 83.3% within 6 and 12 years. In all group ages, late bedtime was observed (most of them after 9 p.m.). 59.4% of all children presented at least one
clinical diagnostic criterion for childhood insomnia. Logistic regression model showed that presence of at least one criterion for childhood insomnia was associated to younger
age, negative mood, current parental insomnia, being the only child, presence of any other sleep disorder, and sleep hygiene behaviors.
Conclusions: Data indicate an alarming increase of prevalence of insomnia related problems in Italian children during home confinement with respect to previous data.
This was found to be associated with poor sleep hygiene and negative mood. Clinical programs targeting insomnia, sleep health behaviors and emotional processes should be implemented in pediatric primary care in order to prevent the development of sleep problems in a post-pandemic situation.},
keywords = {children, COVID-19, Emotions, health, home confinement, insomnia, sleep, sleep hygiene},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Objective: Italy faced one of the first large clusters of COVID-19 infections worldwide. Home confinement and social distancing could have negatively impacted sleep habits and prevalence of sleep disorders in children, which may be also linked with altered emotional processes. The present study focused on clinical aspects related
to sleep, insomnia and emotions in Italian children aged 0-to-12 years during home confinement due to COVID-19 outbreak.
Method: An online survey was systematically distributed in all Italian territories by contacting regional offices of the Italian Ministry of Instruction, University and Research (MIUR) and schools with available contact. All respondents had to be parents of at least one child aged 0 to 12 years old. Information on sociodemographic variables,
sleep habits, sleep health behaviors, sleep disorders and mood were collected.
Results: Parents of 2361 children (mean age: 8.1 ± 2.62 years; 1148 females; 1213 males) answered the survey. 1.2% of children was between 0 and 2 years old; 15.3% within 3 to 5 years and 83.3% within 6 and 12 years. In all group ages, late bedtime was observed (most of them after 9 p.m.). 59.4% of all children presented at least one
clinical diagnostic criterion for childhood insomnia. Logistic regression model showed that presence of at least one criterion for childhood insomnia was associated to younger
age, negative mood, current parental insomnia, being the only child, presence of any other sleep disorder, and sleep hygiene behaviors.
Conclusions: Data indicate an alarming increase of prevalence of insomnia related problems in Italian children during home confinement with respect to previous data.
This was found to be associated with poor sleep hygiene and negative mood. Clinical programs targeting insomnia, sleep health behaviors and emotional processes should be implemented in pediatric primary care in order to prevent the development of sleep problems in a post-pandemic situation.
to sleep, insomnia and emotions in Italian children aged 0-to-12 years during home confinement due to COVID-19 outbreak.
Method: An online survey was systematically distributed in all Italian territories by contacting regional offices of the Italian Ministry of Instruction, University and Research (MIUR) and schools with available contact. All respondents had to be parents of at least one child aged 0 to 12 years old. Information on sociodemographic variables,
sleep habits, sleep health behaviors, sleep disorders and mood were collected.
Results: Parents of 2361 children (mean age: 8.1 ± 2.62 years; 1148 females; 1213 males) answered the survey. 1.2% of children was between 0 and 2 years old; 15.3% within 3 to 5 years and 83.3% within 6 and 12 years. In all group ages, late bedtime was observed (most of them after 9 p.m.). 59.4% of all children presented at least one
clinical diagnostic criterion for childhood insomnia. Logistic regression model showed that presence of at least one criterion for childhood insomnia was associated to younger
age, negative mood, current parental insomnia, being the only child, presence of any other sleep disorder, and sleep hygiene behaviors.
Conclusions: Data indicate an alarming increase of prevalence of insomnia related problems in Italian children during home confinement with respect to previous data.
This was found to be associated with poor sleep hygiene and negative mood. Clinical programs targeting insomnia, sleep health behaviors and emotional processes should be implemented in pediatric primary care in order to prevent the development of sleep problems in a post-pandemic situation.
2.
Gangemi, Amelia; Tenore, Katia; Mancini, Francesco
Two reasoning strategies in patients with psychological illnesses Journal Article
In: Frontiers in Psychology , 2019.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tag: Anxiety disorders, corroboratory strategy, Emotions, Hyper Emotion Theory, Obsessive-compulsive disorders, reasoning, Refutatory strategy
@article{Gangemi2019b,
title = {Two reasoning strategies in patients with psychological illnesses},
author = {Amelia Gangemi and Katia Tenore and Francesco Mancini},
editor = {Frontiers},
url = {https://apc.it/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/2019-two-reasoning-Mancini-1.pdf},
doi = {doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02335},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
journal = {Frontiers in Psychology },
abstract = {The hyper-emotion theory states that psychological disorders are conditions in which individuals experience emotions that are appropriate to the situation but inappropriate in their intensity. When these individuals experience such an emotion, they inevitably are compelled to reason about its cause. They therefore develop characteristic strategies of reasoning depending on the particular hyper-emotion they experience. In anxiety disorders (e.g., panic attack, social phobia), the perception of a threat leads to hyper anxiety, and the reasoning is corroboratory, adducing evidence that confirms the risk (corroboratory strategy). In obsessive-compulsive disorders, the perception of the threat of having acted in an irresponsible way leads to both hyper anxiety and guilt, and the reasoning is refutatory , adducing only evidence disconfirming the risk of being guilty (refutatory strategy). We report three empirical studies corroborating these hypotheses. They demostrate that patients themselves recognize the two strategies and spontaneously use them in therapeutic sessions and in evaluating scenarios in an experiment.},
keywords = {Anxiety disorders, corroboratory strategy, Emotions, Hyper Emotion Theory, Obsessive-compulsive disorders, reasoning, Refutatory strategy},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The hyper-emotion theory states that psychological disorders are conditions in which individuals experience emotions that are appropriate to the situation but inappropriate in their intensity. When these individuals experience such an emotion, they inevitably are compelled to reason about its cause. They therefore develop characteristic strategies of reasoning depending on the particular hyper-emotion they experience. In anxiety disorders (e.g., panic attack, social phobia), the perception of a threat leads to hyper anxiety, and the reasoning is corroboratory, adducing evidence that confirms the risk (corroboratory strategy). In obsessive-compulsive disorders, the perception of the threat of having acted in an irresponsible way leads to both hyper anxiety and guilt, and the reasoning is refutatory , adducing only evidence disconfirming the risk of being guilty (refutatory strategy). We report three empirical studies corroborating these hypotheses. They demostrate that patients themselves recognize the two strategies and spontaneously use them in therapeutic sessions and in evaluating scenarios in an experiment.
3.
Migliore, Simone; D'Aurizio, Giulia; Parisi, Francesca; Maffi, Sabrina; Squitieri, Barbara; Curcio, Giuseppe; Mancini, Francesco
Moral Judgment and empathic/Deontological Guilt Journal Article
In: Psychological Reports, pp. 1-17, 2018.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tag: altruistic, decision-making, deontological, Emotions, guilt, moral dilemma
@article{Migliore2018,
title = {Moral Judgment and empathic/Deontological Guilt},
author = {Simone Migliore and Giulia D'Aurizio and Francesca Parisi and Sabrina Maffi and Barbara Squitieri and Giuseppe Curcio and Francesco Mancini},
editor = {Sage},
url = {https://apc.it/2018_moral-judgment-and-empathic_-deontological-guilt/},
doi = {doi.org/10.1177/0033294118787500},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-07-19},
journal = {Psychological Reports},
pages = {1-17},
abstract = {People often make complicated decisions to help or to punish perfect strangers. Harming someone or breaking some moral imperative is usually linked to feeling guilt, and several researches suggested the existence of two different kinds of guilt: altruistic/empathic and deontological.
Aim
Our study aimed to investigate the decision-making processes in moral and nonmoral judgments and assess how specific situations in which the subject is close to the victim or flanked by an authority can influence his decisions.
Methods
We used three different moral conditions: Empathic Moral (the decision has made while physically close to the potential victims), Deontological Moral (the decision has made while flanked by an “authority”), and Standard Moral (without any influence); a fourth condition is represented by Nonmoral dilemmas (the subject must make a choice between two different things and this does not cause any harm or victims). Previously, a pilot study was carried out for validating the experimental stories to be used in the main study.
Results
We observed a higher number of utilitarian/positive responses when individuals had to respond to Empathic Moral condition, with respect to Deontological Moral and Nonmoral dilemmas. Moreover, looking at the time needed to read the dilemma, under empathic guilt condition, people tended to be slower in reading the dilemmas than in other conditions and this both in case of positive and negative responses. No significant differences in time needed to effectively respond emerged.
Conclusions
These findings suggested that be physically close to potential victims or be flanked by an “authority” differentially influence the decision-making processes in moral judgment, inducing slower decisions and more utilitarian answers, particularly in the scenario of physical proximity.},
keywords = {altruistic, decision-making, deontological, Emotions, guilt, moral dilemma},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
People often make complicated decisions to help or to punish perfect strangers. Harming someone or breaking some moral imperative is usually linked to feeling guilt, and several researches suggested the existence of two different kinds of guilt: altruistic/empathic and deontological.
Aim
Our study aimed to investigate the decision-making processes in moral and nonmoral judgments and assess how specific situations in which the subject is close to the victim or flanked by an authority can influence his decisions.
Methods
We used three different moral conditions: Empathic Moral (the decision has made while physically close to the potential victims), Deontological Moral (the decision has made while flanked by an “authority”), and Standard Moral (without any influence); a fourth condition is represented by Nonmoral dilemmas (the subject must make a choice between two different things and this does not cause any harm or victims). Previously, a pilot study was carried out for validating the experimental stories to be used in the main study.
Results
We observed a higher number of utilitarian/positive responses when individuals had to respond to Empathic Moral condition, with respect to Deontological Moral and Nonmoral dilemmas. Moreover, looking at the time needed to read the dilemma, under empathic guilt condition, people tended to be slower in reading the dilemmas than in other conditions and this both in case of positive and negative responses. No significant differences in time needed to effectively respond emerged.
Conclusions
These findings suggested that be physically close to potential victims or be flanked by an “authority” differentially influence the decision-making processes in moral judgment, inducing slower decisions and more utilitarian answers, particularly in the scenario of physical proximity.
Aim
Our study aimed to investigate the decision-making processes in moral and nonmoral judgments and assess how specific situations in which the subject is close to the victim or flanked by an authority can influence his decisions.
Methods
We used three different moral conditions: Empathic Moral (the decision has made while physically close to the potential victims), Deontological Moral (the decision has made while flanked by an “authority”), and Standard Moral (without any influence); a fourth condition is represented by Nonmoral dilemmas (the subject must make a choice between two different things and this does not cause any harm or victims). Previously, a pilot study was carried out for validating the experimental stories to be used in the main study.
Results
We observed a higher number of utilitarian/positive responses when individuals had to respond to Empathic Moral condition, with respect to Deontological Moral and Nonmoral dilemmas. Moreover, looking at the time needed to read the dilemma, under empathic guilt condition, people tended to be slower in reading the dilemmas than in other conditions and this both in case of positive and negative responses. No significant differences in time needed to effectively respond emerged.
Conclusions
These findings suggested that be physically close to potential victims or be flanked by an “authority” differentially influence the decision-making processes in moral judgment, inducing slower decisions and more utilitarian answers, particularly in the scenario of physical proximity.
4.
Gangemi, Amelia; Mancini, Francesco; Johnson-Laird, P. N.
Models and cognitive change in psychopathology Journal Article
In: Journal of Cognitive Psychology, vol. 25, no 2, pp. 157-164, 2013.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tag: beliefs, Emotions, Hyper-emotion theory, Psychological illnesses, reasoning, Syllogisms
@article{Gangemi2013,
title = {Models and cognitive change in psychopathology},
author = {Amelia Gangemi and Francesco Mancini and P. N. Johnson-Laird},
editor = {Psychology Press},
url = {https://apc.it/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/2012_models_and_cognitive_change_in_psychopathology.pdf},
doi = {10.1080/20445911.2012.737318},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Cognitive Psychology},
volume = {25},
number = {2},
pages = {157-164},
abstract = {The hyper-emotion theory attributes psychological illnesses to emotions of aberrant intensity, which in turn prompt better reasoning about their causes. Two experiments in which participants drew their own conclusions from syllogistic premises tested this prediction. Individuals from the same populations as the experimental participants rated the believability of likely conclusions. One experiment compared patients with depression with controls, and the other experiment compared students scoring high on anxiety with controls. Controls tended to draw believable conclusions and not to draw unbelievable conclusions, and this belief bias was greater for invalid inferences. The clinical groups were better reasoners than the controls, and did not show belief bias. As our hypothesis predicted, they drew many more valid conclusions concerning their illness than controls drew valid believable conclusions. But, contrary to the hypothesis, they refrained from drawing invalid conclusions about neutral topics more than controls refrained from drawing invalid unbelievable conclusions.},
keywords = {beliefs, Emotions, Hyper-emotion theory, Psychological illnesses, reasoning, Syllogisms},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The hyper-emotion theory attributes psychological illnesses to emotions of aberrant intensity, which in turn prompt better reasoning about their causes. Two experiments in which participants drew their own conclusions from syllogistic premises tested this prediction. Individuals from the same populations as the experimental participants rated the believability of likely conclusions. One experiment compared patients with depression with controls, and the other experiment compared students scoring high on anxiety with controls. Controls tended to draw believable conclusions and not to draw unbelievable conclusions, and this belief bias was greater for invalid inferences. The clinical groups were better reasoners than the controls, and did not show belief bias. As our hypothesis predicted, they drew many more valid conclusions concerning their illness than controls drew valid believable conclusions. But, contrary to the hypothesis, they refrained from drawing invalid conclusions about neutral topics more than controls refrained from drawing invalid unbelievable conclusions.
5.
Lombardo, Caterina; Battagliese, Gemma; David, Monica; Lorusso, Barbara; Baglioni, Chiara; Espie, Colin; Violani, Cristiano
Psychophysiological reactivity to symptom-related emotional stimuli in insomnia: A replication and extension to disordered eating Journal Article
In: Sleep and biological rhythms, vol. 11, pp. 20-28, 2013.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tag: disordered eating, Emotions, facial EMG, insomnia
@article{Lombardo2013,
title = {Psychophysiological reactivity to symptom-related emotional stimuli in insomnia: A replication and extension to disordered eating},
author = {Caterina Lombardo and Gemma Battagliese and Monica David and Barbara Lorusso and Chiara Baglioni and Colin Espie and Cristiano Violani},
editor = {Wiley Online Library},
url = {https://apc.it/2013-david-psychophysiological-reactivity/},
doi = {doi:10.1111/j.1479-8425.2012.00587.x},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
journal = {Sleep and biological rhythms},
volume = {11},
pages = {20-28},
abstract = {The present study examined psychophysiological reactivity to emotional stimuli in people with persistent insomnia alone or comorbid with disordered eating and in healthy controls. Female participants (39) were presented with 5 blocks of stimuli differing for valence (positive, negative or neutral) and for relatedness to the symptoms complied (sleep or food and body shape). Facial EMG over the corrugator and the zygomatic muscles, Heart Rate, Skin Conductance Level and subjective ratings of valence and arousal were recorded. Results confirmed that people complaining of symptoms of persistent insomnia show reduced activation of the corrugator muscle when exposed to positive stimuli related to sleep. This effect, interpreted as craving, was also found in the asymptomatic control group for the stimuli depicting fit bodies or healthy foods. An enhancement of the corrugator activity indicative of a worry effect was found in the healthy control group for negative sleep related stimuli and in the group with a mixed symptomatology for the negative stimuli related to food and body shape.},
keywords = {disordered eating, Emotions, facial EMG, insomnia},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The present study examined psychophysiological reactivity to emotional stimuli in people with persistent insomnia alone or comorbid with disordered eating and in healthy controls. Female participants (39) were presented with 5 blocks of stimuli differing for valence (positive, negative or neutral) and for relatedness to the symptoms complied (sleep or food and body shape). Facial EMG over the corrugator and the zygomatic muscles, Heart Rate, Skin Conductance Level and subjective ratings of valence and arousal were recorded. Results confirmed that people complaining of symptoms of persistent insomnia show reduced activation of the corrugator muscle when exposed to positive stimuli related to sleep. This effect, interpreted as craving, was also found in the asymptomatic control group for the stimuli depicting fit bodies or healthy foods. An enhancement of the corrugator activity indicative of a worry effect was found in the healthy control group for negative sleep related stimuli and in the group with a mixed symptomatology for the negative stimuli related to food and body shape.
6.
Basile, Barbara; Mancini, Francesco
Eliciting Guilty Feeling: A preliminary Study Differentiating Deontological and Altruistic Guilt Journal Article
In: Psychology, vol. 2, no 2, pp. 98-102, 2011.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tag: Altruistic guilt, Deontological guilt, Emotions, guilt
@article{Basile2011,
title = {Eliciting Guilty Feeling: A preliminary Study Differentiating Deontological and Altruistic Guilt},
author = { Barbara Basile and Francesco Mancini },
editor = {Scientific Research Publishing},
url = {https://apc.it/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/2011_eliciting-guilt-basile-mancini-1.pdf},
doi = {10.4236/psych.2011.22016},
year = {2011},
date = {2011-01-01},
journal = {Psychology},
volume = {2},
number = {2},
pages = {98-102},
abstract = {Guilt has been identified as both an intrapsychic and an interpersonal emotion. The current study presents evidence of the existence of two senses of guilt, deontological and altruistic guilt, induced through different experimental paradigms. Deontological guilt evolves from having slighted moral authority or norms, while altruistic guilt arises from selfish behavior and the distress of others. We hypothesize that specific stimuli would evoke, separately, deontological guilt and altruistic/interpersonal guilt feelings.
Two different procedures were used to test our hypothesis, adding two emotions as control conditions (i.e. anger and sadness). Results clearly indicate that two different guilt emotions can be evoked separately, by appropriate stimulation. Findings and possible clinical implications are discussed.},
keywords = {Altruistic guilt, Deontological guilt, Emotions, guilt},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Guilt has been identified as both an intrapsychic and an interpersonal emotion. The current study presents evidence of the existence of two senses of guilt, deontological and altruistic guilt, induced through different experimental paradigms. Deontological guilt evolves from having slighted moral authority or norms, while altruistic guilt arises from selfish behavior and the distress of others. We hypothesize that specific stimuli would evoke, separately, deontological guilt and altruistic/interpersonal guilt feelings.
Two different procedures were used to test our hypothesis, adding two emotions as control conditions (i.e. anger and sadness). Results clearly indicate that two different guilt emotions can be evoked separately, by appropriate stimulation. Findings and possible clinical implications are discussed.
Two different procedures were used to test our hypothesis, adding two emotions as control conditions (i.e. anger and sadness). Results clearly indicate that two different guilt emotions can be evoked separately, by appropriate stimulation. Findings and possible clinical implications are discussed.
7.
Johnson-Laird, Philippe N.; Mancini, Francesco; Gangemi, Amelia
A hyper-emotion theory of psychological illnesse Journal Article
In: Psychological Review 113, No. 4, 822–841, vol. 113, no 4, pp. 822–841, 2006.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tag: cognitive therapy, Emotions, Psychological illnesses, reasoning, unconscious processes
@article{Johnson-Laird2006,
title = {A hyper-emotion theory of psychological illnesse},
author = {Philippe N. Johnson-Laird and Francesco Mancini and Amelia Gangemi},
editor = {the American Psychological Association},
url = {http://mentalmodels.princeton.edu/papers/2006hyperemotiontheory.pdf},
doi = {10.1037/0033-295X.113.4.822},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-01-01},
journal = {Psychological Review 113, No. 4, 822–841},
volume = {113},
number = {4},
pages = {822–841},
abstract = {A “hyper-emotion” theory of psychological illnesses is presented. The theory postulates the processes that construct bodily feelings and basic emotions are computationally crude and outside voluntary control. Psychological illnesses have an onset in which a cognitive evaluation initiates a sequence of unconscious transitions yielding a basic emotion.
This emotion is appropriate for the situation but inappropriate in its intensity. Whenever it recurs, it leads individuals to focus on the precipitating situation, and to characteristic patterns of inference that can bolster the illness. Individuals with a propensity to psychological illness accordingly reason better than more robust individuals, but only on topics relevant to their illness. The theory is assessed in light of previous studies, a small epidemiological study of patients, and three empirical studies},
keywords = {cognitive therapy, Emotions, Psychological illnesses, reasoning, unconscious processes},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
A “hyper-emotion” theory of psychological illnesses is presented. The theory postulates the processes that construct bodily feelings and basic emotions are computationally crude and outside voluntary control. Psychological illnesses have an onset in which a cognitive evaluation initiates a sequence of unconscious transitions yielding a basic emotion.
This emotion is appropriate for the situation but inappropriate in its intensity. Whenever it recurs, it leads individuals to focus on the precipitating situation, and to characteristic patterns of inference that can bolster the illness. Individuals with a propensity to psychological illness accordingly reason better than more robust individuals, but only on topics relevant to their illness. The theory is assessed in light of previous studies, a small epidemiological study of patients, and three empirical studies
This emotion is appropriate for the situation but inappropriate in its intensity. Whenever it recurs, it leads individuals to focus on the precipitating situation, and to characteristic patterns of inference that can bolster the illness. Individuals with a propensity to psychological illness accordingly reason better than more robust individuals, but only on topics relevant to their illness. The theory is assessed in light of previous studies, a small epidemiological study of patients, and three empirical studies