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1.
Gangemi, Amelia; Tenore, Katia; Mancini, Francesco
Two reasoning strategies in patients with psychological illnesses Journal Article
In: Frontiers in Psychology , 2019.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tag: Anxiety disorders, corroboratory strategy, Emotions, Hyper Emotion Theory, Obsessive-compulsive disorders, reasoning, Refutatory strategy
@article{Gangemi2019b,
title = {Two reasoning strategies in patients with psychological illnesses},
author = {Amelia Gangemi and Katia Tenore and Francesco Mancini},
editor = {Frontiers},
url = {https://apc.it/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/2019-two-reasoning-Mancini-1.pdf},
doi = {doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02335},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
journal = {Frontiers in Psychology },
abstract = {The hyper-emotion theory states that psychological disorders are conditions in which individuals experience emotions that are appropriate to the situation but inappropriate in their intensity. When these individuals experience such an emotion, they inevitably are compelled to reason about its cause. They therefore develop characteristic strategies of reasoning depending on the particular hyper-emotion they experience. In anxiety disorders (e.g., panic attack, social phobia), the perception of a threat leads to hyper anxiety, and the reasoning is corroboratory, adducing evidence that confirms the risk (corroboratory strategy). In obsessive-compulsive disorders, the perception of the threat of having acted in an irresponsible way leads to both hyper anxiety and guilt, and the reasoning is refutatory , adducing only evidence disconfirming the risk of being guilty (refutatory strategy). We report three empirical studies corroborating these hypotheses. They demostrate that patients themselves recognize the two strategies and spontaneously use them in therapeutic sessions and in evaluating scenarios in an experiment.},
keywords = {Anxiety disorders, corroboratory strategy, Emotions, Hyper Emotion Theory, Obsessive-compulsive disorders, reasoning, Refutatory strategy},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The hyper-emotion theory states that psychological disorders are conditions in which individuals experience emotions that are appropriate to the situation but inappropriate in their intensity. When these individuals experience such an emotion, they inevitably are compelled to reason about its cause. They therefore develop characteristic strategies of reasoning depending on the particular hyper-emotion they experience. In anxiety disorders (e.g., panic attack, social phobia), the perception of a threat leads to hyper anxiety, and the reasoning is corroboratory, adducing evidence that confirms the risk (corroboratory strategy). In obsessive-compulsive disorders, the perception of the threat of having acted in an irresponsible way leads to both hyper anxiety and guilt, and the reasoning is refutatory , adducing only evidence disconfirming the risk of being guilty (refutatory strategy). We report three empirical studies corroborating these hypotheses. They demostrate that patients themselves recognize the two strategies and spontaneously use them in therapeutic sessions and in evaluating scenarios in an experiment.
2.
van den Hout, Marcel; Gangemi, Amelia; Mancini, Francesco; Engelhard, Iris M.; Rijkeboer, Marleen M.; van Dams, Marcel; Klugkist, Irene
Behavior as information about threat in anxiety disorders: A comparison of patients with anxiety disorders and non-anxious controls Journal Article
In: Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, vol. 45, no 4, pp. 489 - 495, 2014, ISSN: 0005-7916.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tag: Anxiety disorders, Behavior as information, obsessive-compulsive disorder, Panic disorder, Safety-seeking behaviors, Social phobia
@article{vandenHout2014489,
title = {Behavior as information about threat in anxiety disorders: A comparison of patients with anxiety disorders and non-anxious controls},
author = {Marcel van den Hout and Amelia Gangemi and Francesco Mancini and Iris M. Engelhard and Marleen M. Rijkeboer and Marcel van Dams and Irene Klugkist},
editor = {Elsevier},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0005791614000524, citation
https://apc.itwp-content/uploads/2013/03/replication-Gangemi.pdf, article},
doi = {10.1016/j.jbtep.2014.07.002 },
issn = {0005-7916},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry},
volume = {45},
number = {4},
pages = {489 - 495},
abstract = {AbstractBackground Gangemi, Mancini, and van den Hout (2012) argued that anxious patients use safety behaviors as information that the situation in which the safety behaviors are displayed is dangerous, even when that situation is objectively safe. This was concluded from a vignette study in which anxious patients and non-clinical controls rated the dangerousness of scripts that were safe or dangerous and in which the protagonist did or did not display safety behaviors. Patients were more likely to take safety behavior as evidence that the situation was dangerous, especially in safe situations. Their non-clinical group may not have been psychologically naïve. We critically replicated the Gangemi et al. study using a psychologically non-informed control group. Method The same materials were used and patients (Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, Panic Disorder, Social Phobia; n = 30 per sub-group) were compared to matched non-patients. Using Bayesian statistics, data from the Gangemi et al. samples and the present groups were (re-)analyzed testing the hypothesis relative to non-patients, patients infer threat from safety behaviors, especially if displayed in safe situations. Results The Gangemi et al. data yielded a Bayes factor of 3.31 in support of the hypothesis. The present Bayes Factor was smaller (2.34), but strengthened the support for the hypothesis expressed by an updated Bayes factor of 3.31 × 2.34 = 7.75. Conclusions The finding that anxious patients infer threat from safety behaviors, in particular in safe contexts, was corroborated, suggesting one way in which safety behaviors are involved in the maintenance of anxiety disorders.},
keywords = {Anxiety disorders, Behavior as information, obsessive-compulsive disorder, Panic disorder, Safety-seeking behaviors, Social phobia},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
AbstractBackground Gangemi, Mancini, and van den Hout (2012) argued that anxious patients use safety behaviors as information that the situation in which the safety behaviors are displayed is dangerous, even when that situation is objectively safe. This was concluded from a vignette study in which anxious patients and non-clinical controls rated the dangerousness of scripts that were safe or dangerous and in which the protagonist did or did not display safety behaviors. Patients were more likely to take safety behavior as evidence that the situation was dangerous, especially in safe situations. Their non-clinical group may not have been psychologically naïve. We critically replicated the Gangemi et al. study using a psychologically non-informed control group. Method The same materials were used and patients (Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, Panic Disorder, Social Phobia; n = 30 per sub-group) were compared to matched non-patients. Using Bayesian statistics, data from the Gangemi et al. samples and the present groups were (re-)analyzed testing the hypothesis relative to non-patients, patients infer threat from safety behaviors, especially if displayed in safe situations. Results The Gangemi et al. data yielded a Bayes factor of 3.31 in support of the hypothesis. The present Bayes Factor was smaller (2.34), but strengthened the support for the hypothesis expressed by an updated Bayes factor of 3.31 × 2.34 = 7.75. Conclusions The finding that anxious patients infer threat from safety behaviors, in particular in safe contexts, was corroborated, suggesting one way in which safety behaviors are involved in the maintenance of anxiety disorders.
3.
Gangemi, Amelia; Mancini, Francesco; van den Hout, Marcel
Behavior as information: “If I avoid, then there must be a danger” Journal Article
In: Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, vol. 43, no 4, pp. 1032 - 1038, 2012, ISSN: 0005-7916.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tag: Anxiety disorders, Behavior as information, obsessive-compulsive disorder, Panic disorder, Safety-seeking behaviors, Social phobia
@article{Gangemi20121032,
title = {Behavior as information: “If I avoid, then there must be a danger”},
author = {Amelia Gangemi and Francesco Mancini and Marcel van den Hout},
editor = {Elsevier - ScienceDirect},
url = {https://apc.it/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/2012_Behavior%20as%20information_%20if%20i%20avoid%20then%20there%20must%20be%20a%20danger.pdf},
doi = {10.1016/j.jbtep.2012.04.005},
issn = {0005-7916},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry},
volume = {43},
number = {4},
pages = {1032 - 1038},
abstract = {Background and objectives Cognitive models of anxiety disorders view safety-seeking behaviors (i.e., avoidance, washing, etc.) as playing a crucial role in the maintenance of irrational fear. An explanation of how these behaviors may contribute to the maintenance of unrealistic beliefs is that patients use their safety behaviors as a source of information about the situation (behavior as information): the behavior is clear evidence of the danger. This study investigates whether, relative to non-clinical control participants, anxious participants actually infer danger on the basis of their safety behaviors, rather than on the basis of objective information. Methods Three groups of individuals affected by anxiety disorders (31 obsessive-compulsive participants, 22 panic participants, and 17 participants with social phobia) and a group (31) of non-clinical controls rated the danger perceived in scripts in which information about objective safety vs. objective danger, and safety behavior vs. no-safety behavior were systematically varied. Results As expected, anxious participants were influenced by both objective danger information and safety behavior information, while the non-clinical controls were mainly influenced by objective danger but not by safety behavior information. The effect was disturbance specific, but only for individuals with social phobia and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Conclusions The tendency to infer danger on the basis of the use of safety behavior may play a role in the development and maintenance of anxiety disorders.},
keywords = {Anxiety disorders, Behavior as information, obsessive-compulsive disorder, Panic disorder, Safety-seeking behaviors, Social phobia},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Background and objectives Cognitive models of anxiety disorders view safety-seeking behaviors (i.e., avoidance, washing, etc.) as playing a crucial role in the maintenance of irrational fear. An explanation of how these behaviors may contribute to the maintenance of unrealistic beliefs is that patients use their safety behaviors as a source of information about the situation (behavior as information): the behavior is clear evidence of the danger. This study investigates whether, relative to non-clinical control participants, anxious participants actually infer danger on the basis of their safety behaviors, rather than on the basis of objective information. Methods Three groups of individuals affected by anxiety disorders (31 obsessive-compulsive participants, 22 panic participants, and 17 participants with social phobia) and a group (31) of non-clinical controls rated the danger perceived in scripts in which information about objective safety vs. objective danger, and safety behavior vs. no-safety behavior were systematically varied. Results As expected, anxious participants were influenced by both objective danger information and safety behavior information, while the non-clinical controls were mainly influenced by objective danger but not by safety behavior information. The effect was disturbance specific, but only for individuals with social phobia and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Conclusions The tendency to infer danger on the basis of the use of safety behavior may play a role in the development and maintenance of anxiety disorders.
4.
Saliani, Angelo Maria; Barcaccia, Barbara; Mancini, Francesco
Interpersonal Vicious Cycles in Anxiety Disorders Book Chapter
In: Rimondini, Michela (Ed.): Communication in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, pp. 149–183, Springer New York, New York, NY, 2011, ISBN: 978-1-4419-6807-4.
Links | BibTeX | Tag: Anxiety disorders
@inbook{Saliani2011,
title = {Interpersonal Vicious Cycles in Anxiety Disorders},
author = {Angelo Maria Saliani and Barbara Barcaccia and Francesco Mancini },
editor = {Michela Rimondini},
url = {https://apc.it/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/Saliani-Barcaccia-Mancini-2011-English.pdf},
doi = {10.1007/978-1-4419-6807-4_7},
isbn = {978-1-4419-6807-4},
year = {2011},
date = {2011-01-01},
booktitle = {Communication in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy},
pages = {149--183},
publisher = {Springer New York},
address = {New York, NY},
keywords = {Anxiety disorders},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
5.
Mancini, Francesco; Capo, Rosario
Anxiety Sensitivity in età evolutiva. Rilevanza nella genesi e nel trattamento di alcuni disturbi mentali Journal Article
In: vol. 40, pp. 661-672, 2003.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tag: Anxiety disorders, anxiety sensitivity, childrens and adolescents
@article{Mancini2003,
title = {Anxiety Sensitivity in età evolutiva. Rilevanza nella genesi e nel trattamento di alcuni disturbi mentali},
author = {Francesco Mancini and Rosario Capo},
editor = {Psichiatria dell'infanzia e dell'adolescenza},
year = {2003},
date = {2003-01-01},
volume = {40},
pages = {661-672},
abstract = {Nel presente elaborato vengono presi in esame i principali meccanismi ricorsivi responsabili della genesi e del mantenimento di disturbi mentali in età evolutiva. La trattazione si concentra prevalentemente sulla Anxiety Sensitivity, che consiste in una particolare attitudine cognitiva a temere le sensazioni neurovegetative connesse all'ansia. Vengono prese in esame le implicazioni per la genesi e il mantenimento di alcuni disturbi mentali in età evolutiva e per l'intervento preventivo.},
keywords = {Anxiety disorders, anxiety sensitivity, childrens and adolescents},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Nel presente elaborato vengono presi in esame i principali meccanismi ricorsivi responsabili della genesi e del mantenimento di disturbi mentali in età evolutiva. La trattazione si concentra prevalentemente sulla Anxiety Sensitivity, che consiste in una particolare attitudine cognitiva a temere le sensazioni neurovegetative connesse all'ansia. Vengono prese in esame le implicazioni per la genesi e il mantenimento di alcuni disturbi mentali in età evolutiva e per l'intervento preventivo.