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1.
Aceto, Marianna; Angelo, Nicole Loren; Gragnani, Andrea
ROLES OF ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES AND EARLY MALADAPTIVE SCHEMAS IN ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW Journal Article
In: Clinical Neuropsychiatry, vol. 23, iss. 1, pp. 30-48, 2026.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tag:
@article{Aceto2026,
title = {ROLES OF ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES AND EARLY MALADAPTIVE SCHEMAS IN ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW},
author = {Marianna Aceto and Nicole Loren Angelo and Andrea Gragnani},
editor = {Giovanni Fioriti Editore},
url = {https://apc.it/2026-aceto-et-al-2026-apd-and-ace-and-ems/},
doi = {doi.org/10.36131/cnfioritieditore20260103},
year = {2026},
date = {2026-02-09},
urldate = {2026-02-09},
journal = {Clinical Neuropsychiatry},
volume = {23},
issue = {1},
pages = {30-48},
abstract = {Objective: The aim of the present review is to analyze and discuss the available literature exploring the role of specific ACEs and EMSs in the development of ASPD and investigate the possible mediating role of cognitive variables between environmental factors and ASPD.
Method: A systematic analysis was conducted of records published from January 1st, 2002 to March 18th, 2025 on APAJournals, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, PubMed, using keywords pertaining to three concepts: “antisocial personality disorder”, “early maladaptive schema/schema mode”, “adverse childhood experiences”.
Results: A total of 7719 records were screened, while 229 records were analyzed against our eligibility criteria, resulting in the inclusion of 26 records. The studies emphasize the contribution of physical abuse, and Disconnection/Rejection and Impaired limits domains in the etiology of ASPD. Regarding the mediation between ACEs and ASPD, various studies focused on dysfunctional schema-modes, finding that Child, Over-compensatory, and Healthy Adult modes play a role in ASPD, highlighting the relevance of maladaptive coping and rapid emotional fluctuation in the disorder.
Conclusions: The results enhance our understanding of the contribution of ACEs and EMS in the development of ASPD; however, evidence of a link between cognitive and environmental variables in the development of the disorder is scarce and heterogeneous. Going forward, studies should particularly investigate environmental and cognitive vulnerability to promote a greater understanding of ASPD functioning and tailor clinical interventions based on specific hyper-invested goals and the learned maladaptive coping strategies to pursue them.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Objective: The aim of the present review is to analyze and discuss the available literature exploring the role of specific ACEs and EMSs in the development of ASPD and investigate the possible mediating role of cognitive variables between environmental factors and ASPD.
Method: A systematic analysis was conducted of records published from January 1st, 2002 to March 18th, 2025 on APAJournals, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, PubMed, using keywords pertaining to three concepts: “antisocial personality disorder”, “early maladaptive schema/schema mode”, “adverse childhood experiences”.
Results: A total of 7719 records were screened, while 229 records were analyzed against our eligibility criteria, resulting in the inclusion of 26 records. The studies emphasize the contribution of physical abuse, and Disconnection/Rejection and Impaired limits domains in the etiology of ASPD. Regarding the mediation between ACEs and ASPD, various studies focused on dysfunctional schema-modes, finding that Child, Over-compensatory, and Healthy Adult modes play a role in ASPD, highlighting the relevance of maladaptive coping and rapid emotional fluctuation in the disorder.
Conclusions: The results enhance our understanding of the contribution of ACEs and EMS in the development of ASPD; however, evidence of a link between cognitive and environmental variables in the development of the disorder is scarce and heterogeneous. Going forward, studies should particularly investigate environmental and cognitive vulnerability to promote a greater understanding of ASPD functioning and tailor clinical interventions based on specific hyper-invested goals and the learned maladaptive coping strategies to pursue them.
Method: A systematic analysis was conducted of records published from January 1st, 2002 to March 18th, 2025 on APAJournals, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, PubMed, using keywords pertaining to three concepts: “antisocial personality disorder”, “early maladaptive schema/schema mode”, “adverse childhood experiences”.
Results: A total of 7719 records were screened, while 229 records were analyzed against our eligibility criteria, resulting in the inclusion of 26 records. The studies emphasize the contribution of physical abuse, and Disconnection/Rejection and Impaired limits domains in the etiology of ASPD. Regarding the mediation between ACEs and ASPD, various studies focused on dysfunctional schema-modes, finding that Child, Over-compensatory, and Healthy Adult modes play a role in ASPD, highlighting the relevance of maladaptive coping and rapid emotional fluctuation in the disorder.
Conclusions: The results enhance our understanding of the contribution of ACEs and EMS in the development of ASPD; however, evidence of a link between cognitive and environmental variables in the development of the disorder is scarce and heterogeneous. Going forward, studies should particularly investigate environmental and cognitive vulnerability to promote a greater understanding of ASPD functioning and tailor clinical interventions based on specific hyper-invested goals and the learned maladaptive coping strategies to pursue them.
2.
Bonora, Matteo; Gragnani, Andrea; Leombruni, Estelle; Iazzetta, Stefania; Saettoni, Marco; Pellegrini, Valerio
Italian Adaptation and evaluation of psychometric properties of the Relaxation Sensitivity Index Journal Article
In: Psychopathology and Psychotherapy, vol. 31, iss. 4, 2026.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tag:
@article{Bonora2026,
title = {Italian Adaptation and evaluation of psychometric properties of the Relaxation Sensitivity Index},
author = {Matteo Bonora and Andrea Gragnani and Estelle Leombruni and Stefania Iazzetta and Marco Saettoni and Valerio Pellegrini},
editor = {Journal of Psychopathology },
url = {https://apc.it/2026-bonora-et-al-2026-italian-adaptation-and-evaluation-of-psychometric-properties-of-the-relaxation-sensitivity-index/},
doi = {10.36148/2284-0249-1709},
year = {2026},
date = {2026-02-06},
urldate = {2026-02-06},
journal = {Psychopathology and Psychotherapy},
volume = {31},
issue = {4},
abstract = {In this work, we presented the adaptation of the Relaxation Sensitivity Index (RSI) in the Italian context and the evaluation of its psychometric properties. RSI was developed under the anxiety sensitivity framework as an instrument to assess individual sensitivity (and subsequent fear) to the sensations related to relaxation. To test the original three-dimensional factorial structure proposed by the original authors (Luberto et al., 2021), we conducted a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) on a sample of 485 participants. Results confirmed the factorial structure also in the Italian context, demonstrating good internal consistency and convergent validity. Both the index at the general level and its single dimensions were positively associated with distress-related constructs (i.e., anxiety, depression, negative affect, worry, and boredom intolerance) and negatively with life satisfaction. Furthermore, we confirmed the measurement invariance across gender, showing the broad applicability of the scale. By adapting this index in the Italian context, this study provides a new and valuable instrument for research and clinical application, facilitating professionals and researchers to account for relaxation-related fears. The Italian version of the RSI thus contributes to understanding anxiety mechanisms linked to relaxation.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In this work, we presented the adaptation of the Relaxation Sensitivity Index (RSI) in the Italian context and the evaluation of its psychometric properties. RSI was developed under the anxiety sensitivity framework as an instrument to assess individual sensitivity (and subsequent fear) to the sensations related to relaxation. To test the original three-dimensional factorial structure proposed by the original authors (Luberto et al., 2021), we conducted a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) on a sample of 485 participants. Results confirmed the factorial structure also in the Italian context, demonstrating good internal consistency and convergent validity. Both the index at the general level and its single dimensions were positively associated with distress-related constructs (i.e., anxiety, depression, negative affect, worry, and boredom intolerance) and negatively with life satisfaction. Furthermore, we confirmed the measurement invariance across gender, showing the broad applicability of the scale. By adapting this index in the Italian context, this study provides a new and valuable instrument for research and clinical application, facilitating professionals and researchers to account for relaxation-related fears. The Italian version of the RSI thus contributes to understanding anxiety mechanisms linked to relaxation.
3.
Gragnani, Andrea; Uvelli, Allison; Saettoni, Marco
Goal Pursuit-Focused CBT for Bipolar Disorder: A Four-Case Series Journal Article
In: Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, vol. 33, iss. 1, 2026.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tag:
@article{Gragnani2026,
title = {Goal Pursuit-Focused CBT for Bipolar Disorder: A Four-Case Series},
author = {Andrea Gragnani and Allison Uvelli and Marco Saettoni},
editor = {Wiley Online Library},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.70224},
year = {2026},
date = {2026-02-02},
urldate = {2026-02-02},
journal = {Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy},
volume = {33},
issue = {1},
abstract = {Background
BD is a chronic, cyclical condition marked by severe mood instability and significant impairment. Although pharmacological and psychotherapeutic interventions have demonstrated efficacy, challenges remain in preventing relapse and sustaining long-term euthymia. This study evaluates a CBT-based intervention designed to reduce symptom severity and recurrence by targeting three core maintenance factors: intolerance of anergic states, addiction to mania, and meta-emotional problems.
Method
Four individuals diagnosed with BD participated in a one-year CBT intervention tailored to address these key vulnerabilities. Assessments were conducted at baseline, post-treatment, and at 18- and 24-month follow-ups, measuring depression, mania, quality of life, and personality functioning. Changes were evaluated with RCI and repeated measures ANOVA.
Results
All four patients showed a marked reduction in depressive symptoms at the end of treatment and at the 24-month follow-up, with a large effect size (η2 = 0.83). Improvements were also observed in the quality of life and maladaptive personality traits over time. Notably, euthymia was maintained throughout the follow-up period, with no recurrence of manic episodes or new affective cycles.
Conclusion
Despite limitations, these preliminary findings suggest that this three-goal CBT intervention targeting core maintenance factors in bipolar disorder may promote sustained clinical improvements, increase long-term stability, and reduce reliance on medication.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Background
BD is a chronic, cyclical condition marked by severe mood instability and significant impairment. Although pharmacological and psychotherapeutic interventions have demonstrated efficacy, challenges remain in preventing relapse and sustaining long-term euthymia. This study evaluates a CBT-based intervention designed to reduce symptom severity and recurrence by targeting three core maintenance factors: intolerance of anergic states, addiction to mania, and meta-emotional problems.
Method
Four individuals diagnosed with BD participated in a one-year CBT intervention tailored to address these key vulnerabilities. Assessments were conducted at baseline, post-treatment, and at 18- and 24-month follow-ups, measuring depression, mania, quality of life, and personality functioning. Changes were evaluated with RCI and repeated measures ANOVA.
Results
All four patients showed a marked reduction in depressive symptoms at the end of treatment and at the 24-month follow-up, with a large effect size (η2 = 0.83). Improvements were also observed in the quality of life and maladaptive personality traits over time. Notably, euthymia was maintained throughout the follow-up period, with no recurrence of manic episodes or new affective cycles.
Conclusion
Despite limitations, these preliminary findings suggest that this three-goal CBT intervention targeting core maintenance factors in bipolar disorder may promote sustained clinical improvements, increase long-term stability, and reduce reliance on medication.
BD is a chronic, cyclical condition marked by severe mood instability and significant impairment. Although pharmacological and psychotherapeutic interventions have demonstrated efficacy, challenges remain in preventing relapse and sustaining long-term euthymia. This study evaluates a CBT-based intervention designed to reduce symptom severity and recurrence by targeting three core maintenance factors: intolerance of anergic states, addiction to mania, and meta-emotional problems.
Method
Four individuals diagnosed with BD participated in a one-year CBT intervention tailored to address these key vulnerabilities. Assessments were conducted at baseline, post-treatment, and at 18- and 24-month follow-ups, measuring depression, mania, quality of life, and personality functioning. Changes were evaluated with RCI and repeated measures ANOVA.
Results
All four patients showed a marked reduction in depressive symptoms at the end of treatment and at the 24-month follow-up, with a large effect size (η2 = 0.83). Improvements were also observed in the quality of life and maladaptive personality traits over time. Notably, euthymia was maintained throughout the follow-up period, with no recurrence of manic episodes or new affective cycles.
Conclusion
Despite limitations, these preliminary findings suggest that this three-goal CBT intervention targeting core maintenance factors in bipolar disorder may promote sustained clinical improvements, increase long-term stability, and reduce reliance on medication.
4.
Comandini, Federica Visco; Papa, Carolina; Uvelli, Allison; Mancini, Francesco; Pugliese, Erica
Rewriting trauma: A systematic review of treatment effects of imagery rescripting for PTSD and complex PTSD Journal Article
In: European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, vol. 9, iss. 4, 2025.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tag:
@article{Comandini2025,
title = {Rewriting trauma: A systematic review of treatment effects of imagery rescripting for PTSD and complex PTSD},
author = {Federica Visco Comandini and Carolina Papa and Allison Uvelli and Francesco Mancini and Erica Pugliese},
editor = {Elsevier },
url = {https://apc.it/2025-mancini-rewriting-trauma-2/},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejtd.2025.100609},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-11-03},
urldate = {2025-11-03},
journal = {European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation},
volume = {9},
issue = {4},
abstract = {Objective: Imagery Rescripting (ImRs) has emerged as a promising, evidence-based intervention to process
traumatic experiences. No prior review has systematically examined its application for Post Traumatic Stress
Disorder (PTSD) and Complex PTSD (C-PTSD). Furthermore, there still is not a clear understanding of mechanisms of change involved in ImRs, which are crucial for trauma-focused treatments. This review addresses this
gap by summarizing the effectiveness and change processes of ImRs in PTSD and C-PTSD.
Method: A systematic search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and PsycINFO. Eligible
studies were published in English or Italian, included clinical populations aged 18 or older, and used experimental or quasi-experimental designs.
Results: Twenty-four studies met inclusion criteria. Across randomized, clinical, and multiple-baseline studies,
ImRs was associated with consistent reductions in trauma-related symptoms, showing treatment effects consistent with its targeting of core transdiagnostic processes—modifying aversive memory representations in PTSD
and fostering integration and emotional safety in C-PTSD.
Conclusions: This review offers a focused synthesis of the evidence of ImRs for trauma-related disorders, highlighting its potential as a brief, powerful clinical intervention operating through distinct mechanisms of change
across varying symptom profiles.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Objective: Imagery Rescripting (ImRs) has emerged as a promising, evidence-based intervention to process
traumatic experiences. No prior review has systematically examined its application for Post Traumatic Stress
Disorder (PTSD) and Complex PTSD (C-PTSD). Furthermore, there still is not a clear understanding of mechanisms of change involved in ImRs, which are crucial for trauma-focused treatments. This review addresses this
gap by summarizing the effectiveness and change processes of ImRs in PTSD and C-PTSD.
Method: A systematic search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and PsycINFO. Eligible
studies were published in English or Italian, included clinical populations aged 18 or older, and used experimental or quasi-experimental designs.
Results: Twenty-four studies met inclusion criteria. Across randomized, clinical, and multiple-baseline studies,
ImRs was associated with consistent reductions in trauma-related symptoms, showing treatment effects consistent with its targeting of core transdiagnostic processes—modifying aversive memory representations in PTSD
and fostering integration and emotional safety in C-PTSD.
Conclusions: This review offers a focused synthesis of the evidence of ImRs for trauma-related disorders, highlighting its potential as a brief, powerful clinical intervention operating through distinct mechanisms of change
across varying symptom profiles.
traumatic experiences. No prior review has systematically examined its application for Post Traumatic Stress
Disorder (PTSD) and Complex PTSD (C-PTSD). Furthermore, there still is not a clear understanding of mechanisms of change involved in ImRs, which are crucial for trauma-focused treatments. This review addresses this
gap by summarizing the effectiveness and change processes of ImRs in PTSD and C-PTSD.
Method: A systematic search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and PsycINFO. Eligible
studies were published in English or Italian, included clinical populations aged 18 or older, and used experimental or quasi-experimental designs.
Results: Twenty-four studies met inclusion criteria. Across randomized, clinical, and multiple-baseline studies,
ImRs was associated with consistent reductions in trauma-related symptoms, showing treatment effects consistent with its targeting of core transdiagnostic processes—modifying aversive memory representations in PTSD
and fostering integration and emotional safety in C-PTSD.
Conclusions: This review offers a focused synthesis of the evidence of ImRs for trauma-related disorders, highlighting its potential as a brief, powerful clinical intervention operating through distinct mechanisms of change
across varying symptom profiles.
5.
Ciringione, Luciana; Perinelli, Enrico; Mancini, Francesco; Prunetti, Elena
In: Brain Sciences, vol. 15, no 8, 2025, ISSN: 2076-3425.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tag:
@article{Ciringione2025,
title = {Beyond the Scars: An Analysis of Adverse Childhood Experiences and the Interconnections Between Emotion Dysregulation, Dissociation, and Trauma in Patients with Borderline Personality Disorder},
author = {Luciana Ciringione and Enrico Perinelli and Francesco Mancini and Elena Prunetti},
editor = {MDPI },
url = {https://apc.it/2025-mancini-beyond-the-scars/},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15080889},
issn = {2076-3425},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-08-20},
urldate = {2025-08-20},
journal = {Brain Sciences},
volume = {15},
number = {8},
abstract = {Background/Objectives: Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) frequently overlaps with trauma-related conditions, particularly PTSD and Complex PTSD (cPTSD). Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs)—especially emotional and sexual abuse—are considered key factors in the development of emotion dysregulation and dissociation. This study investigates the impact of different ACE dimensions on borderline symptomatology, emotion dysregulation, and dissociative symptoms. Methods: Eighty-three BPD patients were assessed using standardized self-report questionnaires: CTQ-SF (ACEs), DERS (emotion dysregulation), DES (dissociation), BSL-23 (borderline symptoms), and PDS-3 (post-traumatic symptoms). Analyses included bivariate correlations, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), and Exploratory Graph Analysis (EGA). Results: Emotional abuse significantly predicted borderline symptoms, while sexual abuse predicted dissociation. Emotion dysregulation was strongly associated with both borderline and dissociative symptoms, emerging as a central node in the symptom network. EGA confirmed the clustering of dissociative symptoms with sexual abuse and the centrality of emotion dysregulation across domains. Conclusions: Findings support the role of specific ACEs in shaping the clinical expression of BPD. Emotion dysregulation acts as a key transdiagnostic factor linking trauma history to borderline and dissociative features. These results underscore the importance of trauma-informed assessments and interventions, such as DBT and DBT-PTSD, tailored to individual ACE profiles.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Background/Objectives: Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) frequently overlaps with trauma-related conditions, particularly PTSD and Complex PTSD (cPTSD). Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs)—especially emotional and sexual abuse—are considered key factors in the development of emotion dysregulation and dissociation. This study investigates the impact of different ACE dimensions on borderline symptomatology, emotion dysregulation, and dissociative symptoms. Methods: Eighty-three BPD patients were assessed using standardized self-report questionnaires: CTQ-SF (ACEs), DERS (emotion dysregulation), DES (dissociation), BSL-23 (borderline symptoms), and PDS-3 (post-traumatic symptoms). Analyses included bivariate correlations, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), and Exploratory Graph Analysis (EGA). Results: Emotional abuse significantly predicted borderline symptoms, while sexual abuse predicted dissociation. Emotion dysregulation was strongly associated with both borderline and dissociative symptoms, emerging as a central node in the symptom network. EGA confirmed the clustering of dissociative symptoms with sexual abuse and the centrality of emotion dysregulation across domains. Conclusions: Findings support the role of specific ACEs in shaping the clinical expression of BPD. Emotion dysregulation acts as a key transdiagnostic factor linking trauma history to borderline and dissociative features. These results underscore the importance of trauma-informed assessments and interventions, such as DBT and DBT-PTSD, tailored to individual ACE profiles.
6.
Gangemi, Amelia; Gragnani, Andrea; Rizzotto, Chiara; Riggio, Febronia; Mancini, Francesco
The Influence of Guilt Emotion on Time Evaluation: A Preliminary Study Journal Article
In: Reti, saperi, linguaggi, Italian Journal of Cognitive Sciences, vol. 1, pp. 153-174, 2025, ISSN: 2279-7785.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tag:
@article{Gangemi2025b,
title = {The Influence of Guilt Emotion on Time Evaluation: A Preliminary Study},
author = {Amelia Gangemi and Andrea Gragnani and Chiara Rizzotto and Febronia Riggio and Francesco Mancini},
editor = {Il Mulino},
url = {https://apc.it/2025-mancini-the-influence-of-guilt-emotion-on-time-evaluation/},
doi = {DOI: 10.12832/117342},
issn = {2279-7785},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-07-30},
urldate = {2025-07-30},
journal = {Reti, saperi, linguaggi, Italian Journal of Cognitive Sciences},
volume = {1},
pages = {153-174},
abstract = {The question addressed in this paper is whether guilt serves as a source of information in the assessment of time resources. Across two studies, we examined whether state-induced guilt leads to an overestimation of the time required to complete a series of activities and an underestimation of the number of tasks one can accomplish within a given time frame. Additionally, we investigated whether individuals high in trait guilt exhibit these tendencies more than others. Participants with high and low levels of trait guilt were included in the study. Three affective states were induced: guilt, anxiety and a neutral condition. Participants were asked to estimate both the time required for various daily activities and the number of such activities that could be completed within a fixed time period. Contrary to our predictions, individuals high in trait guilt underestimated the time required to complete a given number of activities and overestimated the number of tasks they could accomplish within a set time interval after experiencing guilt induction – rather than following anxiety or neutral affect induction. We discuss these findings in relation to the prudential mode and the distinct roles of deontological and altruistic guilt in the evaluation of time resources with no-interpersonal tasks.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The question addressed in this paper is whether guilt serves as a source of information in the assessment of time resources. Across two studies, we examined whether state-induced guilt leads to an overestimation of the time required to complete a series of activities and an underestimation of the number of tasks one can accomplish within a given time frame. Additionally, we investigated whether individuals high in trait guilt exhibit these tendencies more than others. Participants with high and low levels of trait guilt were included in the study. Three affective states were induced: guilt, anxiety and a neutral condition. Participants were asked to estimate both the time required for various daily activities and the number of such activities that could be completed within a fixed time period. Contrary to our predictions, individuals high in trait guilt underestimated the time required to complete a given number of activities and overestimated the number of tasks they could accomplish within a set time interval after experiencing guilt induction – rather than following anxiety or neutral affect induction. We discuss these findings in relation to the prudential mode and the distinct roles of deontological and altruistic guilt in the evaluation of time resources with no-interpersonal tasks.
7.
Uvelli, Allison; Floridi, Marta; Agrusti, Giuseppe; Franquillo, Anna Chiara; Fiumalbi, Lucia; Micheloni, Tommaso; Arcuri, Andreina; Iazzetta, Stefania; Gragnani, Andrea
In: Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 2025.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tag:
@article{Uvelli2025,
title = {When Adverse Experiences Influence the Interpretation of Ourselves, Others and the World: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Maladaptive Schemas in Victims of Violence},
author = {Allison Uvelli and Marta Floridi and Giuseppe Agrusti and Anna Chiara Franquillo and Lucia Fiumalbi and Tommaso Micheloni and Andreina Arcuri and Stefania Iazzetta and Andrea Gragnani },
editor = {Wiley Online Library},
url = {https://apc.it/2025-gragnani-when-adverse-experiences-influence/},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.70114},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-07-15},
urldate = {2025-07-15},
journal = {Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy},
abstract = {Purpose: Early maladaptive schemas (EMS) are dysfunctional emotional and cognitive patterns formed in childhood due to
negative experiences that hinder basic psychological needs. These schemas shape beliefs about oneself, others and the world,
influencing relationships and overall functioning. This study aims to identify common EMS among victims of violence and their
associations with specific types of abuse, offering insight into underlying beliefs that may contribute to repeated victimization.
Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic review of observational studies published between May
and January 2025, analysing data from online databases. Studies included survivors aged 14 to 60, assessed with the Young
Schema Questionnaire. Meta-analyses with random-effects models calculated mean effect sizes and correlation coefficients,
while meta-regressions examined the influence of age, gender and country.
Results: A total of 20 studies were included. Survivors exhibited various EMS, including self-sacrifice, unrelenting standards,
abuse, abandonment, dependence and vulnerability to harm. Psychological abuse was strongly linked to emotional deprivation, abuse, social isolation, failure, abandonment, emotional inhibition, vulnerability to harm, defectiveness, dependence and subjugation. Survivors of physical abuse frequently displayed emotional deprivation, social isolation and vulnerability to harm.
Among survivors of intimate partner violence, the most prevalent schemas were subjugation, emotional deprivation, abuse and
social isolation. Meta-regressions indicated that age, gender and country influenced certain EMS.
Conclusions: Identifying maladaptive schemas enhances our understanding of survivors' dysfunctional beliefs, which is essential for developing more effective, individualized interventions and preventive strategies},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Purpose: Early maladaptive schemas (EMS) are dysfunctional emotional and cognitive patterns formed in childhood due to
negative experiences that hinder basic psychological needs. These schemas shape beliefs about oneself, others and the world,
influencing relationships and overall functioning. This study aims to identify common EMS among victims of violence and their
associations with specific types of abuse, offering insight into underlying beliefs that may contribute to repeated victimization.
Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic review of observational studies published between May
and January 2025, analysing data from online databases. Studies included survivors aged 14 to 60, assessed with the Young
Schema Questionnaire. Meta-analyses with random-effects models calculated mean effect sizes and correlation coefficients,
while meta-regressions examined the influence of age, gender and country.
Results: A total of 20 studies were included. Survivors exhibited various EMS, including self-sacrifice, unrelenting standards,
abuse, abandonment, dependence and vulnerability to harm. Psychological abuse was strongly linked to emotional deprivation, abuse, social isolation, failure, abandonment, emotional inhibition, vulnerability to harm, defectiveness, dependence and subjugation. Survivors of physical abuse frequently displayed emotional deprivation, social isolation and vulnerability to harm.
Among survivors of intimate partner violence, the most prevalent schemas were subjugation, emotional deprivation, abuse and
social isolation. Meta-regressions indicated that age, gender and country influenced certain EMS.
Conclusions: Identifying maladaptive schemas enhances our understanding of survivors' dysfunctional beliefs, which is essential for developing more effective, individualized interventions and preventive strategies
negative experiences that hinder basic psychological needs. These schemas shape beliefs about oneself, others and the world,
influencing relationships and overall functioning. This study aims to identify common EMS among victims of violence and their
associations with specific types of abuse, offering insight into underlying beliefs that may contribute to repeated victimization.
Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic review of observational studies published between May
and January 2025, analysing data from online databases. Studies included survivors aged 14 to 60, assessed with the Young
Schema Questionnaire. Meta-analyses with random-effects models calculated mean effect sizes and correlation coefficients,
while meta-regressions examined the influence of age, gender and country.
Results: A total of 20 studies were included. Survivors exhibited various EMS, including self-sacrifice, unrelenting standards,
abuse, abandonment, dependence and vulnerability to harm. Psychological abuse was strongly linked to emotional deprivation, abuse, social isolation, failure, abandonment, emotional inhibition, vulnerability to harm, defectiveness, dependence and subjugation. Survivors of physical abuse frequently displayed emotional deprivation, social isolation and vulnerability to harm.
Among survivors of intimate partner violence, the most prevalent schemas were subjugation, emotional deprivation, abuse and
social isolation. Meta-regressions indicated that age, gender and country influenced certain EMS.
Conclusions: Identifying maladaptive schemas enhances our understanding of survivors' dysfunctional beliefs, which is essential for developing more effective, individualized interventions and preventive strategies
8.
Pellegrini, Valerio; Leombruni, Estelle; Iazzetta, Stefania; Saettoni, Marco; Gragnani, Andrea
Development, validation, and psychometric properties of the Italian and English version of the Boredom Intolerance Scale (BIS) Journal Article
In: Personality and Individual Differences, vol. 240, 2025, ISSN: 0191-8869.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tag:
@article{Pellegrini2025,
title = {Development, validation, and psychometric properties of the Italian and English version of the Boredom Intolerance Scale (BIS)},
author = {Valerio Pellegrini and Estelle Leombruni and Stefania Iazzetta and Marco Saettoni and Andrea Gragnani},
editor = {Elsevier},
url = {https://apc.it/2025-gragnani-development-validation-and-psychometric-properties/},
doi = {doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2025.113151},
issn = {0191-8869},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-07-01},
urldate = {2025-07-01},
journal = {Personality and Individual Differences},
volume = {240},
abstract = {The present paper proposes developing and validating the Boredom Intolerance Scale (BIS) – the first and only measure assessing the degree to which individuals are able to stand the experience of boredom. Across three studies (N = 1397), the psychometric properties of the BIS are presented. Exploratory factor analysis, implemented in Study 1, suggested a unidimensional and 6-item structure with high reliability. Study 2 ratified the emerged structure by using a confirmatory factor analysis. Corroboration of the measure's robustness was provided by a multigroup CFA, which yielded evidence for the gender invariance of the BIS Italian version. Study 3 validated the English version of the BIS, indicating a robust factor structure with high reliability and invariance across participants' gender. Study 3 also proved the BIS's invariance across English and Italian versions. Construct validity was examined across Studies 2 and 3, yielding significant associations of the BIS with measures of trait and state boredom, relaxation sensitivity, neuroticism, anxiety, anger, impulsiveness, depression, life satisfaction, and purpose in life. These findings suggest that the BIS is a psychometrically sound measure with possible implications for researchers and practitioners.
Keywords: Boredom Intolerance Scale; Emotions; Boredom; Exploratory factor analysis; Confirmatory factor analysis; Convergent validity; Discriminant validity; Construct validity},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The present paper proposes developing and validating the Boredom Intolerance Scale (BIS) – the first and only measure assessing the degree to which individuals are able to stand the experience of boredom. Across three studies (N = 1397), the psychometric properties of the BIS are presented. Exploratory factor analysis, implemented in Study 1, suggested a unidimensional and 6-item structure with high reliability. Study 2 ratified the emerged structure by using a confirmatory factor analysis. Corroboration of the measure's robustness was provided by a multigroup CFA, which yielded evidence for the gender invariance of the BIS Italian version. Study 3 validated the English version of the BIS, indicating a robust factor structure with high reliability and invariance across participants' gender. Study 3 also proved the BIS's invariance across English and Italian versions. Construct validity was examined across Studies 2 and 3, yielding significant associations of the BIS with measures of trait and state boredom, relaxation sensitivity, neuroticism, anxiety, anger, impulsiveness, depression, life satisfaction, and purpose in life. These findings suggest that the BIS is a psychometrically sound measure with possible implications for researchers and practitioners.
Keywords: Boredom Intolerance Scale; Emotions; Boredom; Exploratory factor analysis; Confirmatory factor analysis; Convergent validity; Discriminant validity; Construct validity
Keywords: Boredom Intolerance Scale; Emotions; Boredom; Exploratory factor analysis; Confirmatory factor analysis; Convergent validity; Discriminant validity; Construct validity
9.
Silvestri, Valentina; Gobbo, Silvia; Pugliese, Erica; Mancini, Francesco; Visco-Comandini, Federica
The Perception of Trustworthiness and Emotional Identification in Women Experiencing Intimate Partner Violence: A Behavioral Pilot Study Journal Article
In: Brain Science, vol. 15, iss. 5, 2025.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tag:
@article{Silvestri2025,
title = {The Perception of Trustworthiness and Emotional Identification in Women Experiencing Intimate Partner Violence: A Behavioral Pilot Study},
author = {Valentina Silvestri and Silvia Gobbo and Erica Pugliese and Francesco Mancini and Federica Visco-Comandini},
editor = {MDPI},
url = {https://apc.it/2025-mancini-the-perception-of-trustworthiness-and-emotional/},
doi = {10.3390/brainsci15050429},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-04-23},
urldate = {2025-04-23},
journal = {Brain Science},
volume = {15},
issue = {5},
abstract = {Background: Research indicates that traumatic events, such as interpersonal violence, can significantly affect how individuals perceive facial characteristics and assess trust. This study aims to explore trustworthiness and emotional perception in women experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV). Methods: Twenty-four women who have experienced IPV and twenty-four control participants completed an online task. They rated the trustworthiness of male and female faces, chose the more trustworthy face in a pairwise task, and identified emotions displayed by faces. Results: The results revealed that survivors of IPV showed lower accuracy in trustworthiness judgments, particularly for male faces, and in recognizing fear in male faces, compared to the control group. Conclusions: These preliminary findings, constrained by the limited sample size, are discussed in the context of the Pathological Affective Dependence theory and a perceptual model of social face perception, shedding light on the complex interplay between trauma, social perception, and emotional processing.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Background: Research indicates that traumatic events, such as interpersonal violence, can significantly affect how individuals perceive facial characteristics and assess trust. This study aims to explore trustworthiness and emotional perception in women experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV). Methods: Twenty-four women who have experienced IPV and twenty-four control participants completed an online task. They rated the trustworthiness of male and female faces, chose the more trustworthy face in a pairwise task, and identified emotions displayed by faces. Results: The results revealed that survivors of IPV showed lower accuracy in trustworthiness judgments, particularly for male faces, and in recognizing fear in male faces, compared to the control group. Conclusions: These preliminary findings, constrained by the limited sample size, are discussed in the context of the Pathological Affective Dependence theory and a perceptual model of social face perception, shedding light on the complex interplay between trauma, social perception, and emotional processing.
10.
Gangemi, Amelia; Rizzotto, Chiara; Riggio, Febronia; Dahò, Margherita; Mancini, Francesco
Guilt emotion and decision-making under uncertainty Journal Article
In: Frontiers in Psychology, vol. 16, 2025.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tag:
@article{Gangemi2025,
title = {Guilt emotion and decision-making under uncertainty},
author = {Amelia Gangemi and Chiara Rizzotto and Febronia Riggio and Margherita Dahò and Francesco Mancini},
editor = {Frontiers in psychology },
url = {https://apc.it/2025-mancini-guilt-emotion-and-decision/},
doi = {doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1518752},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-03-28},
urldate = {2025-03-28},
journal = {Frontiers in Psychology},
volume = {16},
abstract = {This paper examines the impact of moral emotions, such as guilt, on decisions under risk. In two experiments, we demonstrated that guilt emotion influences preferences for risky and riskless choices, depending on the subject’s moral goal, i.e., reparation or expiation, whereas anger consistently elicits a preference for taking risks. Unlike other moral emotions (e.g., anger), guilt is thus not characterized by a fixed preference for either risky or riskless choices. Preferences vary as a function of the option that may satisfy the moral goal, instead of by a form of bias that the different emotions play toward decisions under risk. Finally, in both experiments, responses appear to be based on the framing of the decision problem according to the induced emotional state (guilt or anger), rather than on the descriptions of the outcomes as given in the options (gain-loss framing effect).},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This paper examines the impact of moral emotions, such as guilt, on decisions under risk. In two experiments, we demonstrated that guilt emotion influences preferences for risky and riskless choices, depending on the subject’s moral goal, i.e., reparation or expiation, whereas anger consistently elicits a preference for taking risks. Unlike other moral emotions (e.g., anger), guilt is thus not characterized by a fixed preference for either risky or riskless choices. Preferences vary as a function of the option that may satisfy the moral goal, instead of by a form of bias that the different emotions play toward decisions under risk. Finally, in both experiments, responses appear to be based on the framing of the decision problem according to the induced emotional state (guilt or anger), rather than on the descriptions of the outcomes as given in the options (gain-loss framing effect).
11.
Femia, Giuseppe; Federico, Isabella; Rogier, Guyonne; D’Olimpio, Francesca; Mancini, Francesco; Gragnani, Andrea
PRELIMINARY DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF THE INVENTORY OF GOALS AND ANTI-GOALS Journal Article
In: Clinical Neuropsychiatry, vol. 22, no 1, pp. 99-108, 2025.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tag:
@article{Femia2025,
title = {PRELIMINARY DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF THE INVENTORY OF GOALS AND ANTI-GOALS},
author = {Giuseppe Femia and Isabella Federico and Guyonne Rogier and Francesca D’Olimpio and Francesco Mancini and Andrea Gragnani},
editor = {Franco Angeli Editore},
url = {https://apc.it/2025-mancini-preliminary-development-and-validation-of-the-inventory/},
doi = {doi.org/10.36131/cnfioritieditore20250108},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-03-10},
journal = {Clinical Neuropsychiatry},
volume = {22},
number = {1},
pages = {99-108},
abstract = {Objective: The clinical and empirical investigation of the role of investment in goals and anti-goals is limited by the lack of an easy-to-use tool. This is critical, as psychopathology, and specifically pathological personality, is characterized by an overinvestment in goals and anti-goals, rigidity in these investments and, consequently, by a poor existential plan that generates suffering and resistance to change. To develop a preliminary version of a self-report questionnaire measuring investment levels in goals and anti-goals, described as core features of the most common psychopathological conditions. To test the factorial structure of the tool and examine preliminary data on its construct validity.
Method: The Inventory of Goals and Anti-Goals (IGAG) was developed. A total of 572 participants (Mage= 33.05 years; SD= 10.01; 61.62 % females), including community participants (n =424) and patients (n =148), was asked to complete a battery of questionnaires including the IGAG, the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 and the Symptom-Checklist-90-Revised. Exploratory factor analysis, Mann-Whitney U tests and correlations were computed.
Results: Analyses identified an eight-factor structure and significant differences between groups on several factors. IGAG scores were largely significantly and positively correlated with the PID-5 and SCL-90-R in the expected directions. Conclusions: The IGAG appears to be a promising instrument for both research and clinical practice. Results suggest a strong relationship between overinvestment in goals and anti-goals and psychopathology. Several limitations necessitate future modifications of its content and additional efforts for validation.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Objective: The clinical and empirical investigation of the role of investment in goals and anti-goals is limited by the lack of an easy-to-use tool. This is critical, as psychopathology, and specifically pathological personality, is characterized by an overinvestment in goals and anti-goals, rigidity in these investments and, consequently, by a poor existential plan that generates suffering and resistance to change. To develop a preliminary version of a self-report questionnaire measuring investment levels in goals and anti-goals, described as core features of the most common psychopathological conditions. To test the factorial structure of the tool and examine preliminary data on its construct validity.
Method: The Inventory of Goals and Anti-Goals (IGAG) was developed. A total of 572 participants (Mage= 33.05 years; SD= 10.01; 61.62 % females), including community participants (n =424) and patients (n =148), was asked to complete a battery of questionnaires including the IGAG, the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 and the Symptom-Checklist-90-Revised. Exploratory factor analysis, Mann-Whitney U tests and correlations were computed.
Results: Analyses identified an eight-factor structure and significant differences between groups on several factors. IGAG scores were largely significantly and positively correlated with the PID-5 and SCL-90-R in the expected directions. Conclusions: The IGAG appears to be a promising instrument for both research and clinical practice. Results suggest a strong relationship between overinvestment in goals and anti-goals and psychopathology. Several limitations necessitate future modifications of its content and additional efforts for validation.
Method: The Inventory of Goals and Anti-Goals (IGAG) was developed. A total of 572 participants (Mage= 33.05 years; SD= 10.01; 61.62 % females), including community participants (n =424) and patients (n =148), was asked to complete a battery of questionnaires including the IGAG, the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 and the Symptom-Checklist-90-Revised. Exploratory factor analysis, Mann-Whitney U tests and correlations were computed.
Results: Analyses identified an eight-factor structure and significant differences between groups on several factors. IGAG scores were largely significantly and positively correlated with the PID-5 and SCL-90-R in the expected directions. Conclusions: The IGAG appears to be a promising instrument for both research and clinical practice. Results suggest a strong relationship between overinvestment in goals and anti-goals and psychopathology. Several limitations necessitate future modifications of its content and additional efforts for validation.
12.
Visco-Comandini, Federica; Barbieri, Alberto; Mancini, Francesco; Ciolfi, Alessandra
The Body as a Vessel for Trauma: The Clinical Case Study of Aisha Journal Article
In: Brain Science, vol. 15, iss. 1, no 94, 2025.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tag:
@article{Visco-Comandini2025,
title = {The Body as a Vessel for Trauma: The Clinical Case Study of Aisha},
author = {Federica Visco-Comandini and Alberto Barbieri and Francesco Mancini and Alessandra Ciolfi},
editor = {MDPI},
url = {https://apc.it/2025-mancini-the-body-as-a-vessel-for-trauma/},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15010094},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-01-20},
journal = {Brain Science},
volume = {15},
number = {94},
issue = {1},
abstract = {This case study examined the process of integration of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and sensorimotor psychotherapy (SP) in three-phase trauma treatment with a 32-year-old female Bengali refugee with Complex Post Traumatic Disorder (C-PTSD). The treatment was provided in a Western country. The client’s improvement was assessed by using self-report assessments of post-traumatic, dissociative, and depressive symptoms. Psychodiagnostics’ scores gathered after 2 years of treatment showed significant improvements in post-traumatic, dissociative, and depressive symptoms. Although firm conclusions cannot be drawn due to the limitations of this study, results suggest that integrating CBT and SP in a phase-trauma approach may be an effective treatment for C-PTSD in a transcultural setting. However, replicating and standardizing such preliminary results on larger samples is necessary. Background/Objectives: SP is an innovative psychotherapeutic intervention aimed at treating trauma through a bottom-up approach, however, little research exists regarding the efficacy of this psychotherapy. This case study aims to investigate the efficacy of the combination of CBT and SP in treating a C-PTSD patient in a transcultural setting. Methods: Three questionnaires were administered to investigate post-traumatic, depressive, and dissociative symptoms. Results: Clinical and psychodiagnostic outcomes highlight significant psychological improvements in the patient. Conclusions: Although any firm conclusion cannot be drawn because of various intrinsic limitations (i.e., single case study) that straiten our ability to extend these results, this case study suggests that the integration of CBT and SP may be an effective treatment for C-PTSD in a transcultural setting.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This case study examined the process of integration of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and sensorimotor psychotherapy (SP) in three-phase trauma treatment with a 32-year-old female Bengali refugee with Complex Post Traumatic Disorder (C-PTSD). The treatment was provided in a Western country. The client’s improvement was assessed by using self-report assessments of post-traumatic, dissociative, and depressive symptoms. Psychodiagnostics’ scores gathered after 2 years of treatment showed significant improvements in post-traumatic, dissociative, and depressive symptoms. Although firm conclusions cannot be drawn due to the limitations of this study, results suggest that integrating CBT and SP in a phase-trauma approach may be an effective treatment for C-PTSD in a transcultural setting. However, replicating and standardizing such preliminary results on larger samples is necessary. Background/Objectives: SP is an innovative psychotherapeutic intervention aimed at treating trauma through a bottom-up approach, however, little research exists regarding the efficacy of this psychotherapy. This case study aims to investigate the efficacy of the combination of CBT and SP in treating a C-PTSD patient in a transcultural setting. Methods: Three questionnaires were administered to investigate post-traumatic, depressive, and dissociative symptoms. Results: Clinical and psychodiagnostic outcomes highlight significant psychological improvements in the patient. Conclusions: Although any firm conclusion cannot be drawn because of various intrinsic limitations (i.e., single case study) that straiten our ability to extend these results, this case study suggests that the integration of CBT and SP may be an effective treatment for C-PTSD in a transcultural setting.
13.
Salvo, Giuseppe; Ottaviani, Cristina; Mancini, Francesco
Bidirectional interplay of disgust and morality: Meta-analytic investigations Journal Article
In: Personality and Individual Difference, vol. 236, 2025, ISSN: 0191-8869.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tag: Deontological; Disgust; Meta-analysis; Morality; Obsessive-compulsive; Religion; Sexuality
@article{Salvo2025,
title = {Bidirectional interplay of disgust and morality: Meta-analytic investigations},
author = {Giuseppe Salvo and Cristina Ottaviani and Francesco Mancini},
editor = {Elsevier - ScienceDirect},
url = {https://apc.it/2025-mancini-bidirectional-interplay-of-disgust-and-morality/},
doi = {doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2024.113032},
issn = {0191-8869},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-01-16},
urldate = {2025-01-16},
journal = {Personality and Individual Difference},
volume = {236},
abstract = {Two separate meta-analyses were conducted to test the hypotheses that moral transgressions elicit disgust and that inducing disgust may intensify moral judgments. The data supported both the elicitation hypothesis (k = 78; g = 0.55) and the amplification hypothesis (k = 101; g = 0.40). When examining the moderating effects of person- and measurement-related characteristics, a stronger link between morality and disgust was found in Western and Caucasian cultures compared to Asian and Eastern cultures. Trait disgust sensitivity, as opposed to state disgust sensitivity, had a more pronounced impact on moral attitudes. Disgust was most strongly associated with violations of purity and deontological morality, particularly in relation to sex- and religion-related issues. Larger effects were also observed when the direction of disgust aligned with the orientation of moral judgment. Keeping in mind the limitation of substantial heterogeneity, these findings underscore the importance of methodological approaches, sample characteristics, and individual differences in studying the bidirectional relationship between disgust and morality},
keywords = {Deontological; Disgust; Meta-analysis; Morality; Obsessive-compulsive; Religion; Sexuality},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Two separate meta-analyses were conducted to test the hypotheses that moral transgressions elicit disgust and that inducing disgust may intensify moral judgments. The data supported both the elicitation hypothesis (k = 78; g = 0.55) and the amplification hypothesis (k = 101; g = 0.40). When examining the moderating effects of person- and measurement-related characteristics, a stronger link between morality and disgust was found in Western and Caucasian cultures compared to Asian and Eastern cultures. Trait disgust sensitivity, as opposed to state disgust sensitivity, had a more pronounced impact on moral attitudes. Disgust was most strongly associated with violations of purity and deontological morality, particularly in relation to sex- and religion-related issues. Larger effects were also observed when the direction of disgust aligned with the orientation of moral judgment. Keeping in mind the limitation of substantial heterogeneity, these findings underscore the importance of methodological approaches, sample characteristics, and individual differences in studying the bidirectional relationship between disgust and morality
14.
Baglioni, Chiara; Galbiati, Andrea; Meneo, Debora; Cavandini, Greta; Gelfo, Francesca; Mancini, Francesco; and Carlo Buonanno,
In: Brain Science, vol. 15, iss. 48, 2025.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tag:
@article{Baglioni2025,
title = {Cognitive-Behavioral Therapists’ Experience on Relevance of Sleep and Sleep Disorders in Training and Clinical Practice: A Survey Study from Italy},
author = {Chiara Baglioni and Andrea Galbiati and Debora Meneo and Greta Cavandini and Francesca Gelfo and Francesco Mancini and and Carlo Buonanno},
editor = {MDPI },
url = {https://apc.it/2025-mancini-cognitive-behavioral-therapists-experience/},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15010048},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-01-07},
urldate = {2025-01-07},
journal = {Brain Science},
volume = {15},
issue = {48},
abstract = {Background/Objectives: Based on previous data reporting the status of health professionals’ training about sleep clinical psychophysiology, insomnia, and its treatment in the US and Canada, this paper aims at providing a snapshot of the Italian situation, considering health professionals qualified to offer cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Adding information on different countries is important, as national health systems differ significantly, and distinct evidence-based pathways for change may be proposed. Methods: Two hundred and thirteen CBT professionals (180 females; 33 males) answered a 5 min survey about their training and experience in recognizing and treating behavioral sleep disorders in their practice. The questionnaire was diffused through the mailing list of the Italian Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy Society (Società Italiana di Terapia Comportamentale e Cognitiva, SITCC) throughout December 2023 and January 2024. Results: A total of 213 participants completed the survey. Only a minor proportion of respondents (37.1%) reported having received training for diagnosis and treatment of insomnia or other behavioral sleep disorders. Familiarity with psychological therapeutics for sleep was mainly associated with knowledge of sleep hygiene rules, relaxation, and mindfulness techniques, but not with core CBT strategies for insomnia (i.e., sleep restriction and stimulus control) and sleep regulation. The less familiar therapeutics were those for pediatric insomnia. Conclusions: The results of this study highlight scarce knowledge and consideration of sleep problems in CBT practice in Italy. As insomnia is prevalent, an independent mental disorder, and a predictor for mental and somatic comorbid conditions, these findings underscore an urgency to enlarge and strengthen CBT professionals’ training on sleep psychophysiology, sleep clinical psychology, insomnia, behavioral sleep problems, and their treatment.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Background/Objectives: Based on previous data reporting the status of health professionals’ training about sleep clinical psychophysiology, insomnia, and its treatment in the US and Canada, this paper aims at providing a snapshot of the Italian situation, considering health professionals qualified to offer cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Adding information on different countries is important, as national health systems differ significantly, and distinct evidence-based pathways for change may be proposed. Methods: Two hundred and thirteen CBT professionals (180 females; 33 males) answered a 5 min survey about their training and experience in recognizing and treating behavioral sleep disorders in their practice. The questionnaire was diffused through the mailing list of the Italian Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy Society (Società Italiana di Terapia Comportamentale e Cognitiva, SITCC) throughout December 2023 and January 2024. Results: A total of 213 participants completed the survey. Only a minor proportion of respondents (37.1%) reported having received training for diagnosis and treatment of insomnia or other behavioral sleep disorders. Familiarity with psychological therapeutics for sleep was mainly associated with knowledge of sleep hygiene rules, relaxation, and mindfulness techniques, but not with core CBT strategies for insomnia (i.e., sleep restriction and stimulus control) and sleep regulation. The less familiar therapeutics were those for pediatric insomnia. Conclusions: The results of this study highlight scarce knowledge and consideration of sleep problems in CBT practice in Italy. As insomnia is prevalent, an independent mental disorder, and a predictor for mental and somatic comorbid conditions, these findings underscore an urgency to enlarge and strengthen CBT professionals’ training on sleep psychophysiology, sleep clinical psychology, insomnia, behavioral sleep problems, and their treatment.
15.
Papa, Carolina; Pugliese, Erica; Perdighe, Claudia; Fimiani, Ramona; Mancini, Francesco
“I am longing and afraid to depend on you”: A case report on breakdowns of therapeutic alliance and interpersonal cycles in complex trauma Journal Article
In: Brain Science, vol. 14, iss. 12, 2024.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tag:
@article{Papa2024b,
title = {“I am longing and afraid to depend on you”: A case report on breakdowns of therapeutic alliance and interpersonal cycles in complex trauma},
author = {Carolina Papa and Erica Pugliese and Claudia Perdighe and Ramona Fimiani and Francesco Mancini },
editor = {MDPI},
url = {https://apc.it/2024-mancini-i-am-longing-and-afraid-to-depend-on-you/},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci14121207},
year = {2024},
date = {2024-11-28},
journal = {Brain Science},
volume = {14},
issue = {12},
abstract = {Background: Patients with Complex Trauma (CT) may have an impaired ability to trust others and build intimate relationships due to non-integrated representations of self and others. This sometimes leads to an oscillation between needing and fearing intimacy in their adult relationships. This dynamic can occur in the therapeutic relationship, undermining the effectiveness of therapy
and affecting the mental health of both the patient and the therapist. To date, no study has analyzed interpersonal patient–therapist dynamics in cases of CT. The present case aims to fill this gap by exploring relational cycles between the therapist and the patient during the therapeutic process in terms of goals and self–other beliefs. Methods: The methodology consisted of a shared and integrated reconstruction by the patient and therapist, both with clinical expertise in psychology, of the impasse in their therapeutic relationship. The reading was done through the lens of the cognitive model of Pathological Affective Dependence, a theory of traumatic relationships, by describing the primary interpersonal cycles occurring in the therapeutic relationship (altruistic, deontological, and vulnerable). Results: The condition of CT leads to several alliance breakdowns and specific interpersonal cycles, leading to new healing meanings for the patient and the relationship itself. Limitations: The study’s main limitation is that it consists of a qualitative analysis of the therapeutic relationship without data that can quantify the clinically observed changes. Conclusions: This case report demonstrates how CT, PAD and the fear of intimacy can be risk factors for the therapeutic alliance and how the therapeutic relationship constitutes a fundamental tool for intervention effectiveness in patients who experience unmet primary needs},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Background: Patients with Complex Trauma (CT) may have an impaired ability to trust others and build intimate relationships due to non-integrated representations of self and others. This sometimes leads to an oscillation between needing and fearing intimacy in their adult relationships. This dynamic can occur in the therapeutic relationship, undermining the effectiveness of therapy
and affecting the mental health of both the patient and the therapist. To date, no study has analyzed interpersonal patient–therapist dynamics in cases of CT. The present case aims to fill this gap by exploring relational cycles between the therapist and the patient during the therapeutic process in terms of goals and self–other beliefs. Methods: The methodology consisted of a shared and integrated reconstruction by the patient and therapist, both with clinical expertise in psychology, of the impasse in their therapeutic relationship. The reading was done through the lens of the cognitive model of Pathological Affective Dependence, a theory of traumatic relationships, by describing the primary interpersonal cycles occurring in the therapeutic relationship (altruistic, deontological, and vulnerable). Results: The condition of CT leads to several alliance breakdowns and specific interpersonal cycles, leading to new healing meanings for the patient and the relationship itself. Limitations: The study’s main limitation is that it consists of a qualitative analysis of the therapeutic relationship without data that can quantify the clinically observed changes. Conclusions: This case report demonstrates how CT, PAD and the fear of intimacy can be risk factors for the therapeutic alliance and how the therapeutic relationship constitutes a fundamental tool for intervention effectiveness in patients who experience unmet primary needs
and affecting the mental health of both the patient and the therapist. To date, no study has analyzed interpersonal patient–therapist dynamics in cases of CT. The present case aims to fill this gap by exploring relational cycles between the therapist and the patient during the therapeutic process in terms of goals and self–other beliefs. Methods: The methodology consisted of a shared and integrated reconstruction by the patient and therapist, both with clinical expertise in psychology, of the impasse in their therapeutic relationship. The reading was done through the lens of the cognitive model of Pathological Affective Dependence, a theory of traumatic relationships, by describing the primary interpersonal cycles occurring in the therapeutic relationship (altruistic, deontological, and vulnerable). Results: The condition of CT leads to several alliance breakdowns and specific interpersonal cycles, leading to new healing meanings for the patient and the relationship itself. Limitations: The study’s main limitation is that it consists of a qualitative analysis of the therapeutic relationship without data that can quantify the clinically observed changes. Conclusions: This case report demonstrates how CT, PAD and the fear of intimacy can be risk factors for the therapeutic alliance and how the therapeutic relationship constitutes a fundamental tool for intervention effectiveness in patients who experience unmet primary needs
16.
Papa, Carolina; D'Olimpio, Francesca; Zaccari, Vittoria; Consiglio, Micaela Di; Mancini, Francesco; Couyoumdjian, Alessandro
“You’re Ugly and Bad!“: a path analysis of the interplay between self-criticism, alexithymia, and specific symptoms Journal Article
In: Current Psychology, 2024.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tag:
@article{Papa2024,
title = {“You’re Ugly and Bad!“: a path analysis of the interplay between self-criticism, alexithymia, and specific symptoms},
author = {Carolina Papa and Francesca D'Olimpio and Vittoria Zaccari and Micaela Di Consiglio and Francesco Mancini and Alessandro Couyoumdjian },
editor = {Springer Lynk},
url = {https://apc.it/2024-mancini-youre-ugly-and-bad-2/},
doi = {doi.org/10.1007/s12144-024-06653-7},
year = {2024},
date = {2024-09-17},
urldate = {2024-09-17},
journal = {Current Psychology},
abstract = {Self-criticism is a transdiagnostic factor of significant clinical relevance. Research has studied its detrimental role on mental health without discriminating how this differs based on individual psychological functioning. Furthermore, little research has considered the lack of emotional awareness as an essential competence that contributes to dysfunctional self-critical processes and, consequently, to psychopathological outcomes. The objective of the study was to investigate how different forms of self-criticism are associated with specific symptoms, considering social anxiety, obsessive-compulsive, and eating disorder symptoms. Furthermore, we wanted to explore the role of alexithymia in this relationship. The sample comprised 564 subjects (M = 35.12, SD = 12.8), 389 females and 175 males. Participants completed online questionnaires to investigate levels of self-criticism, alexithymia, and specific symptoms. Hierarchical regression and path analyses showed that aspects of self-criticism have different importance in psychopathological features. Furthermore, the subscales of alexithymia differently mediate the relationship between self-criticism and symptomatological features, depending on the type of feature considered (social anxiety, eating or obsessive-compulsive). In light of the results, since self-criticism is a contributing factor to the onset and maintenance of many mental disorders, it becomes important to distinguish its specific characteristics and how they are linked to the disorders. A better understanding of these processes would help to prepare more targeted interventions.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Self-criticism is a transdiagnostic factor of significant clinical relevance. Research has studied its detrimental role on mental health without discriminating how this differs based on individual psychological functioning. Furthermore, little research has considered the lack of emotional awareness as an essential competence that contributes to dysfunctional self-critical processes and, consequently, to psychopathological outcomes. The objective of the study was to investigate how different forms of self-criticism are associated with specific symptoms, considering social anxiety, obsessive-compulsive, and eating disorder symptoms. Furthermore, we wanted to explore the role of alexithymia in this relationship. The sample comprised 564 subjects (M = 35.12, SD = 12.8), 389 females and 175 males. Participants completed online questionnaires to investigate levels of self-criticism, alexithymia, and specific symptoms. Hierarchical regression and path analyses showed that aspects of self-criticism have different importance in psychopathological features. Furthermore, the subscales of alexithymia differently mediate the relationship between self-criticism and symptomatological features, depending on the type of feature considered (social anxiety, eating or obsessive-compulsive). In light of the results, since self-criticism is a contributing factor to the onset and maintenance of many mental disorders, it becomes important to distinguish its specific characteristics and how they are linked to the disorders. A better understanding of these processes would help to prepare more targeted interventions.
17.
Pugliese, Erica; Visco-Comandini, Federica; Papa, Carolina; Ciringione, Luciana; Cornacchia, Lucia; Gino, Fabiana; Cannito, Loreta; Fadda, Stefania; Mancini, Francesco
Understanding Trauma in IPV: Distinguishing Complex PTSD, PTSD, and BPD in Victims and Offenders Journal Article
In: Brain Sciences, vol. 14, no 9, 2024.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tag:
@article{Pugliese2024,
title = {Understanding Trauma in IPV: Distinguishing Complex PTSD, PTSD, and BPD in Victims and Offenders},
author = {Erica Pugliese and Federica Visco-Comandini and Carolina Papa and Luciana Ciringione and Lucia Cornacchia and Fabiana Gino and Loreta Cannito and Stefania Fadda and Francesco Mancini
},
editor = {MDPI },
url = {https://apc.it/2024-mancini-understanding-trauma-in-ipv/},
doi = {doi.org/10.3390/brainsci14090856},
year = {2024},
date = {2024-08-25},
journal = {Brain Sciences},
volume = {14},
number = {9},
abstract = {This work aims to shed light on the differential diagnosis of complex post-traumatic stress disorder (cPTSD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and borderline personality disorder (BPD) within the context of intimate partner violence (IPV), which represents a highly innovative field of clinical research. To this end, a critical review of the literature was conducted to identify and compare the clinical patterns and symptomatic overlaps among cPTSD, PTSD, and BPD, with an emphasis on their manifestation in both IPV victims and offenders. The results show that despite some symptomatic similarities, cPTSD, PTSD, and BPD have distinct clinical patterns of interpersonal violence. Specifically, disturbances in self-organization (DSO) are more commonly found in offenders, while the diagnosis of cPTSD seems more aligned with the psychological functioning of victims. In addition, cPTSD and specific characteristics of BPD, such as fear of rejection and instability of identity, constitute risk factors for IPV victimization. cPTSD is shown as a predisposing factor not only for IPV victims but also for offenders, while PTSD emerges as a consequential factor. The specific pathways linking PTSD, cPTSD, and BPD with IPV have significant implications for clinical practice. Further research is needed to understand these profiles and the mechanisms linking trauma-related features to IPV, which is crucial for implementing effective violence prevention programs.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This work aims to shed light on the differential diagnosis of complex post-traumatic stress disorder (cPTSD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and borderline personality disorder (BPD) within the context of intimate partner violence (IPV), which represents a highly innovative field of clinical research. To this end, a critical review of the literature was conducted to identify and compare the clinical patterns and symptomatic overlaps among cPTSD, PTSD, and BPD, with an emphasis on their manifestation in both IPV victims and offenders. The results show that despite some symptomatic similarities, cPTSD, PTSD, and BPD have distinct clinical patterns of interpersonal violence. Specifically, disturbances in self-organization (DSO) are more commonly found in offenders, while the diagnosis of cPTSD seems more aligned with the psychological functioning of victims. In addition, cPTSD and specific characteristics of BPD, such as fear of rejection and instability of identity, constitute risk factors for IPV victimization. cPTSD is shown as a predisposing factor not only for IPV victims but also for offenders, while PTSD emerges as a consequential factor. The specific pathways linking PTSD, cPTSD, and BPD with IPV have significant implications for clinical practice. Further research is needed to understand these profiles and the mechanisms linking trauma-related features to IPV, which is crucial for implementing effective violence prevention programs.
18.
Tenore, Katia; Granziol, Umberto; Luppino, Olga Ines; Mancini, Francesco; Mancini, Alessandra
In: Current Psychology, 2024.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tag:
@article{Tenore2024,
title = {Group imagery imagery rescripting via telehealth decreases dysfunctional personality beliefs and the meta‑emotional problem but does not increase positive self‑compassion},
author = {Katia Tenore and Umberto Granziol and Olga Ines Luppino and Francesco Mancini and Alessandra Mancini},
editor = {Springer Lynk },
url = {https://apc.it/2024-mancini-group-imagery-imagery-rescripting-via-telehealth-decreases/},
doi = {doi.org/10.1007/s12144-024-05815-x},
year = {2024},
date = {2024-03-24},
urldate = {2024-03-24},
journal = {Current Psychology},
abstract = {Imagery rescripting (ImR) has shown to reduce negative belief about the self, negative emotions and emotional dysregulation. However, the mechanisms through which this improvement in emotion regulation takes place is currently the object of investigation. An untested hypothesis is that ImR reduces the negative emotional response to primary emotions (i.e. the Meta-emotional problem) associated to difficulties in emotional regulation. In this study, the researchers aimed to investigate the impact of group ImR delivered via telehealth on dysfunctional personality beliefs, the Meta-emotional problem, difficulties in emotional regulation, and self-compassion in a non-clinical sample of participants. A total of 45 community sample participants received three sessions of group ImR delivered via telehealth. Personality dysfunctional beliefs, meta-emotions, self-compassion and emotional dysregulation were measured before ImR and in three follow-up sessions. Dysfunctional personality beliefs, specifically those associated with the dependent, obsessive–compulsive, antisocial, and histrionic personality disorders, were significantly reduced after the ImR intervention. Additionally, the Meta-emotional problem and difficulties in emotional regulation were also reduced. Moreover, negative self-compassion showed a significant decrease after ImR, but positive self-compassion remained unchanged. These findings suggest that group ImR delivered via telehealth can effectively reduce negative beliefs about oneself, negative emotions, and emotional dysregulation. However, it seems that this intervention does not increase a more benevolent attitude towards oneself, possibly due to the less direct intervention of the therapist in the group telehealth setting. The researchers discuss the implications of these findings for clinical practice in a group telehealth context.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Imagery rescripting (ImR) has shown to reduce negative belief about the self, negative emotions and emotional dysregulation. However, the mechanisms through which this improvement in emotion regulation takes place is currently the object of investigation. An untested hypothesis is that ImR reduces the negative emotional response to primary emotions (i.e. the Meta-emotional problem) associated to difficulties in emotional regulation. In this study, the researchers aimed to investigate the impact of group ImR delivered via telehealth on dysfunctional personality beliefs, the Meta-emotional problem, difficulties in emotional regulation, and self-compassion in a non-clinical sample of participants. A total of 45 community sample participants received three sessions of group ImR delivered via telehealth. Personality dysfunctional beliefs, meta-emotions, self-compassion and emotional dysregulation were measured before ImR and in three follow-up sessions. Dysfunctional personality beliefs, specifically those associated with the dependent, obsessive–compulsive, antisocial, and histrionic personality disorders, were significantly reduced after the ImR intervention. Additionally, the Meta-emotional problem and difficulties in emotional regulation were also reduced. Moreover, negative self-compassion showed a significant decrease after ImR, but positive self-compassion remained unchanged. These findings suggest that group ImR delivered via telehealth can effectively reduce negative beliefs about oneself, negative emotions, and emotional dysregulation. However, it seems that this intervention does not increase a more benevolent attitude towards oneself, possibly due to the less direct intervention of the therapist in the group telehealth setting. The researchers discuss the implications of these findings for clinical practice in a group telehealth context.
19.
Zaccari, Vittoria; Mancini, Francesco; Rogier, Guyonne
State of the art of the literature on definitions of self-criticism: a meta-review Journal Article
In: vol. 15, 2024.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tag:
@article{Zaccari2024,
title = {State of the art of the literature on definitions of self-criticism: a meta-review},
author = {Vittoria Zaccari and Francesco Mancini and Guyonne Rogier},
editor = {Frontiers in Psychiatry},
url = {https://apc.it/2024-mancini-state-of-the-art-of-the-literature-on-definitions-of-self-criticism-a-meta-review/},
year = {2024},
date = {2024-02-19},
volume = {15},
abstract = {Background: Several authors have developed important theoretical models on an important transdiagnostic factor in psychopathology: self-criticism (SC). Currently, there are substantial variations in the theoretical definition of SC. The lack of awareness of similarities and differences between models may in turn impact the comparison between empirical results, limiting their clinical implications.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Background: Several authors have developed important theoretical models on an important transdiagnostic factor in psychopathology: self-criticism (SC). Currently, there are substantial variations in the theoretical definition of SC. The lack of awareness of similarities and differences between models may in turn impact the comparison between empirical results, limiting their clinical implications.
20.
Saliani, Angelo Maria; Perdighe, Claudia; Zaccari, Vittoria; Luppino, Olga Ines; Mancini, Alessandra; Tenore, Katia; Mancini, Francesco
Treating guilt-inducing self-talk in OCD with dramatized Socratic dialogue: A step by step intervention Journal Article
In: 2024, ISSN: 2385-0787.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tag:
@article{Saliani2024,
title = {Treating guilt-inducing self-talk in OCD with dramatized Socratic dialogue: A step by step intervention},
author = {Angelo Maria Saliani and Claudia Perdighe and Vittoria Zaccari and Olga Ines Luppino and Alessandra Mancini and Katia Tenore and Francesco Mancini},
editor = {Franco Angeli Editore},
url = {https://apc.it/2024-mancini-treating-guilt-inducing-self-talk-in-ocd-with-dramatized-socratic-dialogue/},
doi = {doi.org/10.36131/cnfioritieditore},
issn = {2385-0787},
year = {2024},
date = {2024-02-01},
urldate = {2024-02-01},
abstract = {Objective: Fear of moral guilt and conseque:nt increased attention to personal actions and intentions are the main ingredients of the self-criticism in patients
suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). This pathogenic attitude takes shape in a typical guilt-inducing self-talk.
The purpose of this work is to describe in detail a novel cognitive therapeutic procedure for OCD called “Dramatized Socratic Dialogue” (DSD).
Method: DSD is a theory-oriented intervention that combine elements of Socratic dialogue, chairwork, and cognitive acceptance strategies derived from Mancini’s
model, which posits that obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms stem from a fear of deontological guilt.
Results: DSD appears to have many strengths, being a theory-oriented treatment and focusing, as a therapeutic target, on the cognitive structures that determine
pathogenic processes and OC symptoms. Furthermore, it is a short, flexible and tailormade intervention.
Conclusions: Detailed description of the intervention could foster future research perspectives and thus be used in evidence-based effectiveness studies to establish whether DSD reduces OC symptoms and to investigate its mechanism of action.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Objective: Fear of moral guilt and conseque:nt increased attention to personal actions and intentions are the main ingredients of the self-criticism in patients
suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). This pathogenic attitude takes shape in a typical guilt-inducing self-talk.
The purpose of this work is to describe in detail a novel cognitive therapeutic procedure for OCD called “Dramatized Socratic Dialogue” (DSD).
Method: DSD is a theory-oriented intervention that combine elements of Socratic dialogue, chairwork, and cognitive acceptance strategies derived from Mancini’s
model, which posits that obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms stem from a fear of deontological guilt.
Results: DSD appears to have many strengths, being a theory-oriented treatment and focusing, as a therapeutic target, on the cognitive structures that determine
pathogenic processes and OC symptoms. Furthermore, it is a short, flexible and tailormade intervention.
Conclusions: Detailed description of the intervention could foster future research perspectives and thus be used in evidence-based effectiveness studies to establish whether DSD reduces OC symptoms and to investigate its mechanism of action.
suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). This pathogenic attitude takes shape in a typical guilt-inducing self-talk.
The purpose of this work is to describe in detail a novel cognitive therapeutic procedure for OCD called “Dramatized Socratic Dialogue” (DSD).
Method: DSD is a theory-oriented intervention that combine elements of Socratic dialogue, chairwork, and cognitive acceptance strategies derived from Mancini’s
model, which posits that obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms stem from a fear of deontological guilt.
Results: DSD appears to have many strengths, being a theory-oriented treatment and focusing, as a therapeutic target, on the cognitive structures that determine
pathogenic processes and OC symptoms. Furthermore, it is a short, flexible and tailormade intervention.
Conclusions: Detailed description of the intervention could foster future research perspectives and thus be used in evidence-based effectiveness studies to establish whether DSD reduces OC symptoms and to investigate its mechanism of action.