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1.
Luppino, Olga Ines; Tenore, Katia; Mancini, Francesco; Mancini, Alessandra
The Role of Childhood Experiences in the development of Disgust Sensitivity: a preliminary study on early moral memories Journal Article
In: Clinical Neuropsychiatry, vol. 20, no 2, pp. 109-121, 2023.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tag: Deontological guilt, Disgust, early autobiographical memories, Early maladaptive schemas, imagery, Morality
@article{Luppino2023,
title = {The Role of Childhood Experiences in the development of Disgust Sensitivity: a preliminary study on early moral memories},
author = {Olga Ines Luppino and Katia Tenore and Francesco Mancini and Alessandra Mancini},
editor = {Giovanni Fioriti Editore s.r.l. },
url = {https://apc.it/2023-mancini-the-role-of-childhood-experiences/},
doi = {doi.org/10.36131/ cnfioritieditore2023020},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-04-01},
urldate = {2023-04-01},
journal = {Clinical Neuropsychiatry},
volume = {20},
number = {2},
pages = {109-121},
abstract = {bjective: Disgust is a basic emotion evolved to safeguard our omnivorous species from contagion. Although the factors eliciting disgust typically involve concerns related to physical contamination, physical disgust responses are also prompted by moral transgressions, (i.e. cannibalism, pedophilia, betrayal). The link between the general propensity to experience disgust (i.e. “Disgust Sensitivity”) and morality, in particular in the deontological domain, is supported by an increasing amount of data on clinical and non-clinical sample. Evolutionistic explanations of this link posit that disgust evolved to indicate the presence of a threat to the integrity of the individual not only in the physical domain but also in the social and moral domain. In addition to the evolutionary point of view, this link could also be better investigated in terms of individual development. To the best of our knowledge, literature is scarce regarding which early experiences are associated to high DS. Therefore, this study aims to explore the content of early memories associated with disgust. Based on the strict link between disgust and morality, we hypothesized an association between DS and early memories of moral criticism.
Method: 60 non-clinical participants filled in measures of DS. They were then
presented with an auditory disgust induction, after which they recalled early memories
through the technique of the “affect bridge”. 10 independent raters assessed the
emotional content of the memories on visual-analogical scales.
Results: Results showed a positive association between disgust sensitivity and
the propensity to experience deontological guilt. There was also a significant positive
association between disgust sensitivity and moral memories, in particular relating to
early experiences of being the object of contempt, moral criticism, anger, and of being
held responsible.
Conclusions: These data directly support the centrality of early morally-loaded
interpersonal experiences in the development of DS, confirming the link between
disgust and morality also at the level of individual historical developme},
keywords = {Deontological guilt, Disgust, early autobiographical memories, Early maladaptive schemas, imagery, Morality},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
bjective: Disgust is a basic emotion evolved to safeguard our omnivorous species from contagion. Although the factors eliciting disgust typically involve concerns related to physical contamination, physical disgust responses are also prompted by moral transgressions, (i.e. cannibalism, pedophilia, betrayal). The link between the general propensity to experience disgust (i.e. “Disgust Sensitivity”) and morality, in particular in the deontological domain, is supported by an increasing amount of data on clinical and non-clinical sample. Evolutionistic explanations of this link posit that disgust evolved to indicate the presence of a threat to the integrity of the individual not only in the physical domain but also in the social and moral domain. In addition to the evolutionary point of view, this link could also be better investigated in terms of individual development. To the best of our knowledge, literature is scarce regarding which early experiences are associated to high DS. Therefore, this study aims to explore the content of early memories associated with disgust. Based on the strict link between disgust and morality, we hypothesized an association between DS and early memories of moral criticism.
Method: 60 non-clinical participants filled in measures of DS. They were then
presented with an auditory disgust induction, after which they recalled early memories
through the technique of the “affect bridge”. 10 independent raters assessed the
emotional content of the memories on visual-analogical scales.
Results: Results showed a positive association between disgust sensitivity and
the propensity to experience deontological guilt. There was also a significant positive
association between disgust sensitivity and moral memories, in particular relating to
early experiences of being the object of contempt, moral criticism, anger, and of being
held responsible.
Conclusions: These data directly support the centrality of early morally-loaded
interpersonal experiences in the development of DS, confirming the link between
disgust and morality also at the level of individual historical developme
Method: 60 non-clinical participants filled in measures of DS. They were then
presented with an auditory disgust induction, after which they recalled early memories
through the technique of the “affect bridge”. 10 independent raters assessed the
emotional content of the memories on visual-analogical scales.
Results: Results showed a positive association between disgust sensitivity and
the propensity to experience deontological guilt. There was also a significant positive
association between disgust sensitivity and moral memories, in particular relating to
early experiences of being the object of contempt, moral criticism, anger, and of being
held responsible.
Conclusions: These data directly support the centrality of early morally-loaded
interpersonal experiences in the development of DS, confirming the link between
disgust and morality also at the level of individual historical developme
2.
Salvo, Giuseppe; Provenzano, Samantha; Bello, Maria Di; D’Olimpio, Francesca; Ottaviani, Cristina; Mancini, Francesco
In: Clinical Psychological Science, 2021.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tag: Disgust, guilt, Morality, noninvasive brain stimulation, obsessive compulsive disorder
@article{Salvo2021,
title = {Filthiness of Immorality: Manipulating Disgust and Moral Rigidity Through Noninvasive Brain Stimulation as a Promising Therapeutic Tool for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder},
author = {Giuseppe Salvo and Samantha Provenzano and Maria Di Bello and Francesca D’Olimpio and Cristina Ottaviani and Francesco Mancini},
editor = {Clinical Psychological Science},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/21677026211009508},
doi = {doi.org/10.1177/21677026211009508},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-05-25},
journal = {Clinical Psychological Science},
abstract = {The study was designed to test the hypothesis that indirect inhibition of the insula via cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) would decrease disgust and moral rigidity in 36 healthy individuals undergoing 15 min of tDCS over the temporal lobe. To obtain a comprehensive assessment of disgust, we used subjective (affect rating), physiological (heart rate variability [HRV]), and implicit measures (word-fragment completion), and moral judgment was assessed by asking participants to rate the deontological and altruistic moral wrongness of a revised version of the moral foundations vignettes. We found anodal and cathodal stimulations to, respectively, enhance and decrease self-reported disgust, deontological morality, and HRV. Note that these effects were stronger in individuals with higher levels of obsessive compulsive (OC) traits. Because disgust and sensitivity to deontological guilt are among the most impairing features in OC disorder, it is auspicious that cathodal tDCS could be implemented to reduce such symptoms.},
keywords = {Disgust, guilt, Morality, noninvasive brain stimulation, obsessive compulsive disorder},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The study was designed to test the hypothesis that indirect inhibition of the insula via cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) would decrease disgust and moral rigidity in 36 healthy individuals undergoing 15 min of tDCS over the temporal lobe. To obtain a comprehensive assessment of disgust, we used subjective (affect rating), physiological (heart rate variability [HRV]), and implicit measures (word-fragment completion), and moral judgment was assessed by asking participants to rate the deontological and altruistic moral wrongness of a revised version of the moral foundations vignettes. We found anodal and cathodal stimulations to, respectively, enhance and decrease self-reported disgust, deontological morality, and HRV. Note that these effects were stronger in individuals with higher levels of obsessive compulsive (OC) traits. Because disgust and sensitivity to deontological guilt are among the most impairing features in OC disorder, it is auspicious that cathodal tDCS could be implemented to reduce such symptoms.
3.
Ottaviani, Cristina; Mancini, Francesco; Provenzano, Samantha; Collazzoni, Alberto; D'Olimpio, Francesca
Deontological morality can be experimentally enhanced by increasing disgust: A transcranial direct current stimulation study Journal Article
In: Neuropsychologia, 2018.
Links | BibTeX | Tag: Disgust, Heart rate variability, insula, Morality, obsessive compulsive disorder, transcranial current direct stimulation
@article{Ottaviani2018,
title = {Deontological morality can be experimentally enhanced by increasing disgust: A transcranial direct current stimulation study},
author = {Cristina Ottaviani and Francesco Mancini and Samantha Provenzano and Alberto Collazzoni and Francesca D'Olimpio},
editor = {Elsevier},
url = {https://apc.it/2018-ottaviani-et-al-deontological-morality-can-be-neuropsychologia/},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.09.009},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
urldate = {2018-01-01},
journal = {Neuropsychologia},
keywords = {Disgust, Heart rate variability, insula, Morality, obsessive compulsive disorder, transcranial current direct stimulation},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
4.
Carni, Serena; Petrocchi, Nicola; Miglio, Carlamaria Del; Mancini, Francesco; Couyoumdjian, Alessandro
Intrapsychic and interpersonal guilt: a critical review of the recent literature Journal Article
In: Cognitive Processing, vol. 14, no 4, pp. 333–346, 2013, ISSN: 1612-4790.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tag: Altruism, guilt, Morality, Self-conscious emotions, Shame
@article{Carnì2013,
title = {Intrapsychic and interpersonal guilt: a critical review of the recent literature},
author = {Serena Carni and Nicola Petrocchi and Carlamaria Del Miglio and Francesco Mancini and Alessandro Couyoumdjian },
editor = {International Quarterly of Cognitive Science},
url = {https://apc.it/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/intrapsychic-and-personal-guilt.pdf},
doi = {10.1007/s10339-013-0570-4},
issn = {1612-4790},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
journal = {Cognitive Processing},
volume = {14},
number = {4},
pages = {333--346},
abstract = {Various authors hold that some emotions (i.e., moral emotions) have the function of orienting people toward ethical actions. In addition to embarrassment, shame and pride, the moral emotion of guilt is believed to affect humans' behavior when they carry out transgressions that violate social and cultural standards. Over the past century, many studies (including controversial ones) have been conducted on guilt. In this study, we analyzed and summarized mainly the most recent literature on this emotion. On one side, the destructiveness of guilt is emphasized. It inflicts punishment and pain on individuals for their errors and can lead to psychopathology (e.g., depression). On the other side, it is described as a ``friendly'' emotion that motivates behavior adapted to social and cultural rules. How can this asymmetry be explained? Different existing views on guilt are presented and discussed, together with recent proposals, supported by research data. Finally, we discussed some systematic models that try to incorporate these different views in a single framework that could facilitate future researches.},
keywords = {Altruism, guilt, Morality, Self-conscious emotions, Shame},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Various authors hold that some emotions (i.e., moral emotions) have the function of orienting people toward ethical actions. In addition to embarrassment, shame and pride, the moral emotion of guilt is believed to affect humans' behavior when they carry out transgressions that violate social and cultural standards. Over the past century, many studies (including controversial ones) have been conducted on guilt. In this study, we analyzed and summarized mainly the most recent literature on this emotion. On one side, the destructiveness of guilt is emphasized. It inflicts punishment and pain on individuals for their errors and can lead to psychopathology (e.g., depression). On the other side, it is described as a ``friendly'' emotion that motivates behavior adapted to social and cultural rules. How can this asymmetry be explained? Different existing views on guilt are presented and discussed, together with recent proposals, supported by research data. Finally, we discussed some systematic models that try to incorporate these different views in a single framework that could facilitate future researches.