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1.
Ottaviani, Cristina; Collazzoni, Alberto; D'Olimpio, Francesca; Movetta, Tania; Mancini, Francesco
I obsessively clean because deontological guilt makes me feel physiologically disgusted! Journal Article
In: Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 2018.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tag: Altruistic guilt, Deontological guilt, Disgust, Heart rate variability, obsessive-compulsive disorder
@article{Ottaviani2018,
title = {I obsessively clean because deontological guilt makes me feel physiologically disgusted!},
author = {Cristina Ottaviani and Alberto Collazzoni and Francesca D'Olimpio and Tania Movetta and Francesco Mancini},
editor = {Elsevier},
url = {https://apc.it/2019-i-obsessively-clean-because-deontological-guilt-me-feel-ottaviani-et-all-3/},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocrd.2018.01.004},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-05-07},
urldate = {2018-05-07},
journal = {Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders},
abstract = {The emotions of guilt and disgust play a pivotal role in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The present study hypothesized the existence of a distinctive relation between deontological (but not altruistic) guilt and subjective and physiological correlates of disgust. Moreover, we aimed at testing whether the evoked emotion of disgust may activate OCD-like washing behaviors. Gender-matched healthy participants were randomly assigned to altruistic (n = 31) or deontological guilt (n = 30) inductions followed by a cleaning task, while their electrocardiogram was continuously recorded to derive vagally-mediated heart rate variability (HRV). At baseline and after each experimental condition, participants’ momentary emotional state was assessed by visual analog scales (VAS). Compared to altruistic guilt, deontological guilt had the effect of: a) enhancing the physiological correlate of disgust (i.e. augmented HRV); b) increasing OCD-like washing behaviors (e.g. checking). In both groups, washing behaviors had the effect to reduce the physiological correlate of disgust. These effects were stronger in participants with higher OC tendencies, as indicated by scores on the dispositional questionnaires. Results support previous reports on a distinctive relation between deontological guilt and both disgust and OCD symptoms.},
keywords = {Altruistic guilt, Deontological guilt, Disgust, Heart rate variability, obsessive-compulsive disorder},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The emotions of guilt and disgust play a pivotal role in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The present study hypothesized the existence of a distinctive relation between deontological (but not altruistic) guilt and subjective and physiological correlates of disgust. Moreover, we aimed at testing whether the evoked emotion of disgust may activate OCD-like washing behaviors. Gender-matched healthy participants were randomly assigned to altruistic (n = 31) or deontological guilt (n = 30) inductions followed by a cleaning task, while their electrocardiogram was continuously recorded to derive vagally-mediated heart rate variability (HRV). At baseline and after each experimental condition, participants’ momentary emotional state was assessed by visual analog scales (VAS). Compared to altruistic guilt, deontological guilt had the effect of: a) enhancing the physiological correlate of disgust (i.e. augmented HRV); b) increasing OCD-like washing behaviors (e.g. checking). In both groups, washing behaviors had the effect to reduce the physiological correlate of disgust. These effects were stronger in participants with higher OC tendencies, as indicated by scores on the dispositional questionnaires. Results support previous reports on a distinctive relation between deontological guilt and both disgust and OCD symptoms.
2.
Ottaviani, Cristina; Mancini, Francesco; Provenzano, Samantha; Collazzoni, Alberto; D'Olimpio, Francesca
Deontological morality can be experimentally enhanced by increasing disgust: A transcranial direct current stimulation study Journal Article
In: Neuropsychologia, 2018.
Links | BibTeX | Tag: Disgust, Heart rate variability, insula, Morality, obsessive compulsive disorder, transcranial current direct stimulation
@article{Ottaviani2018,
title = {Deontological morality can be experimentally enhanced by increasing disgust: A transcranial direct current stimulation study},
author = {Cristina Ottaviani and Francesco Mancini and Samantha Provenzano and Alberto Collazzoni and Francesca D'Olimpio},
editor = {Elsevier},
url = {https://apc.it/2018-ottaviani-et-al-deontological-morality-can-be-neuropsychologia/},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.09.009},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
urldate = {2018-01-01},
journal = {Neuropsychologia},
keywords = {Disgust, Heart rate variability, insula, Morality, obsessive compulsive disorder, transcranial current direct stimulation},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
3.
Couyoumdjian, Alessandro; Ottaviani, Cristina; Petrocchi, Nicola; Trincas, Roberta; Tenore, Katia; Buonanno, Carlo; Mancini, Francesco
Reducing the meta-emotional problem decreases physiological fear response during exposure in phobics Journal Article
In: Frontiers in psychology, no 7, pp. 1105, 2016, ISSN: 1664-1078.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tag: autonomic nervous system, double standard, Heart rate, Heart rate variability, meta-emotional problem, phobic stimuli, self-criticism, specific phobia
@article{Couyoumdjian2016,
title = { Reducing the meta-emotional problem decreases physiological fear response during exposure in phobics},
author = {Alessandro Couyoumdjian and Cristina Ottaviani and Nicola Petrocchi and Roberta Trincas and Katia Tenore and Carlo Buonanno and Francesco Mancini},
editor = {Martial Mermillod},
url = {https://apc.it/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/fpsyg-07-01105.pdf},
doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01105},
issn = {1664-1078},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-07-25},
issuetitle = {Original Research},
journal = {Frontiers in psychology},
number = {7},
pages = {1105},
abstract = {Anxiety disorders may not only be characterized by specific symptomatology (e.g., tachycardia) in response to the fearful stimulus (primary problem or first-level emotion) but also by the tendency to negatively evaluate oneself for having those symptoms (secondary problem or negative meta-emotion). An exploratory study was conducted driven by the hypothesis that reducing the secondary or meta-emotional problem would also diminish the fear response to the phobic stimulus. Thirty-three phobic participants were exposed to the phobic target before and after undergoing a psychotherapeutic intervention addressed to reduce the meta-emotional problem or a control condition. The electrocardiogram was continuously recorded to derive heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) and affect ratings were obtained. Addressing the meta-emotional problem had the effect of reducing the physiological but not the subjective symptoms of anxiety after phobic exposure. Preliminary findings support the role of the meta-emotional problem in the maintenance of response to the fearful stimulus (primary problem).},
keywords = {autonomic nervous system, double standard, Heart rate, Heart rate variability, meta-emotional problem, phobic stimuli, self-criticism, specific phobia},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Anxiety disorders may not only be characterized by specific symptomatology (e.g., tachycardia) in response to the fearful stimulus (primary problem or first-level emotion) but also by the tendency to negatively evaluate oneself for having those symptoms (secondary problem or negative meta-emotion). An exploratory study was conducted driven by the hypothesis that reducing the secondary or meta-emotional problem would also diminish the fear response to the phobic stimulus. Thirty-three phobic participants were exposed to the phobic target before and after undergoing a psychotherapeutic intervention addressed to reduce the meta-emotional problem or a control condition. The electrocardiogram was continuously recorded to derive heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) and affect ratings were obtained. Addressing the meta-emotional problem had the effect of reducing the physiological but not the subjective symptoms of anxiety after phobic exposure. Preliminary findings support the role of the meta-emotional problem in the maintenance of response to the fearful stimulus (primary problem).
4.
Gazzellini, Simone; Dettori, Maria; Amadori, Francesca; Paoli, Barbara; Napolitano, Antonio; Mancini, Francesco; Ottaviani, Cristina
Association between Attention and Heart Rate Fluctuations in Pathological Worriers Journal Article
In: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, vol. 10, pp. 648, 2016, ISSN: 1662-5161.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tag: Heart rate variability, reaction times, sustained attention, time-frequency analysis, worry
@article{Simone2016,
title = {Association between Attention and Heart Rate Fluctuations in Pathological Worriers},
author = {Simone Gazzellini and Maria Dettori and Francesca Amadori and Barbara Paoli and Antonio Napolitano and Francesco Mancini and Cristina Ottaviani },
url = {http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnhum.2016.00648},
doi = {10.3389/fnhum.2016.00648},
issn = {1662-5161},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Frontiers in Human Neuroscience},
volume = {10},
pages = {648},
abstract = {Recent data suggests that several psychopathological conditions are associated with alterations in the variability of behavioral and physiological responses. Pathological worry, defined as the cognitive representation of a potential threat, has been associated with reduced variability of heart beat oscillations (i.e., decreased heart rate variability; HRV) and lapses of attention indexed by reaction times (RTs). Clinical populations with attention deficit show RTs oscillation around 0.05 and 0.01 Hz when performing a sustained attention task. We tested the hypothesis that people who are prone to worry do it in a predictable oscillating pattern revealed through recurrent lapses in attention and concomitant oscillating HRV. Sixty healthy young adults (50% women) were recruited: 30 exceeded the clinical cut-off on the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (High-Worry); the remaining 30 constituted the Low-Worry group. After a diagnostic assessment, participants performed two 15-minute sustained attention tasks, interspersed by a standardized worry-induction procedure. RTs, HRV, and moods were assessed. The analyses of the frequency spectrum showed that the High-Worry group presents a significant higher and constant peak of RTs oscillation around 0.01 Hz (period 100 s) after the induction of worry, in comparison with their baseline and with the Low-Worry group that was not responsive to the induction procedure. Physiologically, the induction significantly reduced high-frequency HRV and such reduction was associated with levels of self-reported worry. Results are coherent with the oscillatory nature of the default mode network and further confirm an association between cognitive rigidity and autonomic nervous system inflexibility.},
keywords = {Heart rate variability, reaction times, sustained attention, time-frequency analysis, worry},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Recent data suggests that several psychopathological conditions are associated with alterations in the variability of behavioral and physiological responses. Pathological worry, defined as the cognitive representation of a potential threat, has been associated with reduced variability of heart beat oscillations (i.e., decreased heart rate variability; HRV) and lapses of attention indexed by reaction times (RTs). Clinical populations with attention deficit show RTs oscillation around 0.05 and 0.01 Hz when performing a sustained attention task. We tested the hypothesis that people who are prone to worry do it in a predictable oscillating pattern revealed through recurrent lapses in attention and concomitant oscillating HRV. Sixty healthy young adults (50% women) were recruited: 30 exceeded the clinical cut-off on the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (High-Worry); the remaining 30 constituted the Low-Worry group. After a diagnostic assessment, participants performed two 15-minute sustained attention tasks, interspersed by a standardized worry-induction procedure. RTs, HRV, and moods were assessed. The analyses of the frequency spectrum showed that the High-Worry group presents a significant higher and constant peak of RTs oscillation around 0.01 Hz (period 100 s) after the induction of worry, in comparison with their baseline and with the Low-Worry group that was not responsive to the induction procedure. Physiologically, the induction significantly reduced high-frequency HRV and such reduction was associated with levels of self-reported worry. Results are coherent with the oscillatory nature of the default mode network and further confirm an association between cognitive rigidity and autonomic nervous system inflexibility.
5.
Ottaviani, Cristina; Mancini, Francesco; Petrocchi, Nicola; Medea, Barbara; Couyoumdjian, Alessandro
Autonomic correlates of physical and moral disgust Journal Article
In: International Journal of Psychophysiology, vol. 89, no 1, pp. 57 - 62, 2013, ISSN: 0167-8760.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tag: Anger, Contempt, Disgust sensitivity, Heart rate, Heart rate variability, Moral disgust, Obsessive compulsive tendencies, Physical disgust
@article{Ottaviani201357,
title = {Autonomic correlates of physical and moral disgust},
author = {Cristina Ottaviani and Francesco Mancini and Nicola Petrocchi and Barbara Medea and Alessandro Couyoumdjian},
editor = {Elsevier},
url = {https://apc.it/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Ottaviani-et-al-Autonomic-correlates-of-physical-and-moral-disgust-2013.pdf},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2013.05.003},
issn = {0167-8760},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
journal = {International Journal of Psychophysiology},
volume = {89},
number = {1},
pages = {57 - 62},
abstract = {Abstract Given that the hypothesis of a common origin of physical and moral disgust has received sparse empirical support, this study aimed to shed light on the subjective and autonomic signatures of these two facets of the same emotional response. Participants (20 men, 20 women) were randomly assigned to physical or moral disgust induction by the use of audio scripts while their electrocardiogram was continuously recorded. Affect ratings were obtained before and after the induction. Time and frequency domain heart rate variability (HRV) measures were obtained. After controlling for disgust sensitivity (DS-R) and obsessive–compulsive (OCI-R) tendencies, both scripts elicited disgust but whereas the physical script elicited a feeling of dirtiness, the moral script evoked more indignation and contempt. The disgust-induced subjective responses were associated with opposite patterns of autonomic reactivity: enhanced activity of the parasympathetic nervous system without concurrent changes in heart rate (HR) for physical disgust and decreased vagal tone and increased HR and autonomic imbalance for moral disgust. Results suggest that immorality relies on the same biological root of physical disgust only in subjects with obsessive compulsive tendencies. Disgust appears to be a heterogeneous response that varies based on the individuals' contamination-based appraisal.},
keywords = {Anger, Contempt, Disgust sensitivity, Heart rate, Heart rate variability, Moral disgust, Obsessive compulsive tendencies, Physical disgust},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Abstract Given that the hypothesis of a common origin of physical and moral disgust has received sparse empirical support, this study aimed to shed light on the subjective and autonomic signatures of these two facets of the same emotional response. Participants (20 men, 20 women) were randomly assigned to physical or moral disgust induction by the use of audio scripts while their electrocardiogram was continuously recorded. Affect ratings were obtained before and after the induction. Time and frequency domain heart rate variability (HRV) measures were obtained. After controlling for disgust sensitivity (DS-R) and obsessive–compulsive (OCI-R) tendencies, both scripts elicited disgust but whereas the physical script elicited a feeling of dirtiness, the moral script evoked more indignation and contempt. The disgust-induced subjective responses were associated with opposite patterns of autonomic reactivity: enhanced activity of the parasympathetic nervous system without concurrent changes in heart rate (HR) for physical disgust and decreased vagal tone and increased HR and autonomic imbalance for moral disgust. Results suggest that immorality relies on the same biological root of physical disgust only in subjects with obsessive compulsive tendencies. Disgust appears to be a heterogeneous response that varies based on the individuals' contamination-based appraisal.