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1.
Benedetto, Serena Di; Gragnani, Andrea
In: Quaderni di Psicoterapia Cognitiva, no 49, 2021, ISSN: 1127-6347.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tag: disregolazione emotiva, Disturbo Ossessivo-Compulsivo, Schema therapy, Terapia dialettico comportamentale, Tricotillomania
@article{Benedetto2021,
title = {Giada: "la trappola dell'indegnità", un caso di Tricotillomania in comorbidità con Disturbo ossessivo-compulsivo e Disturbi di personalità borderline},
author = {Serena Di Benedetto and Andrea Gragnani},
editor = {Quaderni di Psicoterapia Cognitiva},
url = {https://apc.it/di-benedetto-e-gragnani-2022-giada-la-trappola-dellindegnita/},
doi = {DOI: 10.3280/qpc49-2021oa13212},
issn = {1127-6347},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-12-23},
urldate = {2021-12-23},
journal = {Quaderni di Psicoterapia Cognitiva},
number = {49},
abstract = {This article describes the clinical case of Giada, a 19-year-old female with a borderline personality characterized by a pervasive emotional dysregulation. Trichotillomania and obsessive-compulsive disorder, two disorders belonging to the obsessive spectrum, represent dysfunctional attempts to manage the sense of unworthiness, combined with a deep self-repulsion and the deontological guilt for irreparably worsening one’s body.
This in turn increases the risk of one’s imperfection being discovered and hence refused, abandoned by others. The repeat behaviours focused on one’s body such as hair ripping in the pubic region and legs are on one hand premeditated and ritualized, when activated by the feeling of self-repulion and the need to feel good enough, and on the other hand are an impulsive reaction to an emotional dysregulation, such as attempts to manage painful emotional and mental statuses. The patient also shows a history of anxiety and obsessive behavious such as compulsive washing, intrusive throughs, and feelings of “not just right experience” (NJRE).
The therapeutic path, within which the interventions based on Schema Therapy have played a central role, has combined standard cognitive therapy techniques with third generation techniques (Act, DBT, Mindfullness), balancing radical acceptance with a push for change. The therapeutic relationship has proven an important tool to contain emotional experiences linked to self-unworthiness.},
keywords = {disregolazione emotiva, Disturbo Ossessivo-Compulsivo, Schema therapy, Terapia dialettico comportamentale, Tricotillomania},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This article describes the clinical case of Giada, a 19-year-old female with a borderline personality characterized by a pervasive emotional dysregulation. Trichotillomania and obsessive-compulsive disorder, two disorders belonging to the obsessive spectrum, represent dysfunctional attempts to manage the sense of unworthiness, combined with a deep self-repulsion and the deontological guilt for irreparably worsening one’s body.
This in turn increases the risk of one’s imperfection being discovered and hence refused, abandoned by others. The repeat behaviours focused on one’s body such as hair ripping in the pubic region and legs are on one hand premeditated and ritualized, when activated by the feeling of self-repulion and the need to feel good enough, and on the other hand are an impulsive reaction to an emotional dysregulation, such as attempts to manage painful emotional and mental statuses. The patient also shows a history of anxiety and obsessive behavious such as compulsive washing, intrusive throughs, and feelings of “not just right experience” (NJRE).
The therapeutic path, within which the interventions based on Schema Therapy have played a central role, has combined standard cognitive therapy techniques with third generation techniques (Act, DBT, Mindfullness), balancing radical acceptance with a push for change. The therapeutic relationship has proven an important tool to contain emotional experiences linked to self-unworthiness.
This in turn increases the risk of one’s imperfection being discovered and hence refused, abandoned by others. The repeat behaviours focused on one’s body such as hair ripping in the pubic region and legs are on one hand premeditated and ritualized, when activated by the feeling of self-repulion and the need to feel good enough, and on the other hand are an impulsive reaction to an emotional dysregulation, such as attempts to manage painful emotional and mental statuses. The patient also shows a history of anxiety and obsessive behavious such as compulsive washing, intrusive throughs, and feelings of “not just right experience” (NJRE).
The therapeutic path, within which the interventions based on Schema Therapy have played a central role, has combined standard cognitive therapy techniques with third generation techniques (Act, DBT, Mindfullness), balancing radical acceptance with a push for change. The therapeutic relationship has proven an important tool to contain emotional experiences linked to self-unworthiness.
2.
Tenore, Katia; Mancini, Francesco; Basile, Barbara
Schemas, Modes and coping strategies in obsessive-compulsive like symptoms Journal Article
In: Clinical Neuropsychiatry, vol. 15, no 6, pp. 384-392, 2018.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tag: coping, Early maladaptive schemas, modes, OCD, Schema therapy
@article{Tenore2018b,
title = {Schemas, Modes and coping strategies in obsessive-compulsive like symptoms},
author = {Katia Tenore and Francesco Mancini and Barbara Basile},
editor = {Giovanni Fioriti Editore},
url = {https://apc.it/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/2018-schemas-modes-and-coping-strategies-tenore-mancini-basile.pdf},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-10-01},
journal = {Clinical Neuropsychiatry},
volume = {15},
number = {6},
pages = {384-392},
abstract = {Objective: Schema Therapy (ST) integrates cognitive-behavior therapy with emotion-focused, gestalt and object relations approaches. ST postulates that unmet emotional core needs in childhood play a role in the development of Early Maladaptive Schemas, that are maintained by dysfunctional coping strategies, and reveal themselves through specific modes. Ad hoc ST conceptualizations for personality disorders or for specific psychological conditions, have been proposed in the last years. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of schemas, modes and coping styles in non-clinical subjects, exploring the association with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) symptoms severity. Moreover, we explored schemas, modes and coping styles constructs in two sub-groups, characterized by higher and lower obsessive symptoms. Finally, those constructs have been investigated in specific OC subtypes.
Method: Selected from a sample of two-hundred, fifty-one subjects with high OCD symptoms (assessed through the Obsessive Compulsive Inventory–R) and fifty-nine healthy controls were recruited. Measures of schemas, modes and coping styles were collected. Additional indexes of depression were collected. Descriptive, between-group and
correlation analyses were performed. Participants were selected from a normal population, thus, the study should be
replicated involving a clinical population.
Results: Specific schemas (i.e., mistrust/abuse, vulnerability to harm and high standards), modes (i.e., demanding parent) and coping styles (i.e., intra-psychic avoidance) were identified in the high OCD symptoms group, with precise peculiarities for OCD characteristics (i.e., washing, checking and obsessions). Further, OC symptoms severity was positively associated with specific schemas and dysfunctional modes.
Conclusions: Our results confirm previous findings investigating schemas and modes in OCD populations. },
keywords = {coping, Early maladaptive schemas, modes, OCD, Schema therapy},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Objective: Schema Therapy (ST) integrates cognitive-behavior therapy with emotion-focused, gestalt and object relations approaches. ST postulates that unmet emotional core needs in childhood play a role in the development of Early Maladaptive Schemas, that are maintained by dysfunctional coping strategies, and reveal themselves through specific modes. Ad hoc ST conceptualizations for personality disorders or for specific psychological conditions, have been proposed in the last years. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of schemas, modes and coping styles in non-clinical subjects, exploring the association with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) symptoms severity. Moreover, we explored schemas, modes and coping styles constructs in two sub-groups, characterized by higher and lower obsessive symptoms. Finally, those constructs have been investigated in specific OC subtypes.
Method: Selected from a sample of two-hundred, fifty-one subjects with high OCD symptoms (assessed through the Obsessive Compulsive Inventory–R) and fifty-nine healthy controls were recruited. Measures of schemas, modes and coping styles were collected. Additional indexes of depression were collected. Descriptive, between-group and
correlation analyses were performed. Participants were selected from a normal population, thus, the study should be
replicated involving a clinical population.
Results: Specific schemas (i.e., mistrust/abuse, vulnerability to harm and high standards), modes (i.e., demanding parent) and coping styles (i.e., intra-psychic avoidance) were identified in the high OCD symptoms group, with precise peculiarities for OCD characteristics (i.e., washing, checking and obsessions). Further, OC symptoms severity was positively associated with specific schemas and dysfunctional modes.
Conclusions: Our results confirm previous findings investigating schemas and modes in OCD populations.
Method: Selected from a sample of two-hundred, fifty-one subjects with high OCD symptoms (assessed through the Obsessive Compulsive Inventory–R) and fifty-nine healthy controls were recruited. Measures of schemas, modes and coping styles were collected. Additional indexes of depression were collected. Descriptive, between-group and
correlation analyses were performed. Participants were selected from a normal population, thus, the study should be
replicated involving a clinical population.
Results: Specific schemas (i.e., mistrust/abuse, vulnerability to harm and high standards), modes (i.e., demanding parent) and coping styles (i.e., intra-psychic avoidance) were identified in the high OCD symptoms group, with precise peculiarities for OCD characteristics (i.e., washing, checking and obsessions). Further, OC symptoms severity was positively associated with specific schemas and dysfunctional modes.
Conclusions: Our results confirm previous findings investigating schemas and modes in OCD populations.
3.
Tenore, Katia; Basile, Barbara; Mancini, Francesco; Luppino, Olga Ines
A Theoretical Integration of Schema Therapy and Cognitive Therapy in OCD Treatment: Conceptualization and Rationale (Part II) Journal Article
In: Psychology, vol. 9, no 9, pp. 2278-2295, 2018, ISBN: 2152-7199.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tag: Acceptance, cognitive therapy, obsessive-compulsive disorder, Schema therapy
@article{Tenore2018,
title = {A Theoretical Integration of Schema Therapy and Cognitive Therapy in OCD Treatment: Conceptualization and Rationale (Part II)},
author = {Katia Tenore and Barbara Basile and Francesco Mancini and Olga Ines Luppino},
editor = {Scientific Research Publishing},
url = {https://apc.it/2018-a-theoretical-integration-part-2/},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.4236/psych.2018.99130},
isbn = {2152-7199},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-09-11},
journal = {Psychology},
volume = {9},
number = {9},
pages = {2278-2295},
abstract = {Cognitive Behavioral Therapy has been identified as the first choice treatment for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD). Although a significant proportion of patients benefit from Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, another still fails to respond to CBT. To improve outcomes, new targets of intervention have been broadened, but no clear and comprehensive conceptualizations of the disorder have been suggested. In the last few years, in the context of Schema Therapy (ST), several specific models have been proposed for the treatment of Axis I diagnostic categories (according to the classification of DSM IV), in addition to the more well-known conceptualizations related to Personality Disorders. Concerning OCD, several studies have investigated the effectiveness of ST in the treatment of OCD, but only few have tried to elaborate a
conceptualization of the disorder in terms of modes. This lack of knowledge and shared conceptualization might lead to difficulties in planning and evaluating effective interventions. The aim of this work is to present a conceptualization of the Obsessive Compulsive Disorder that results from the integration
between the Cognitive Therapy framework, as proposed by Mancini and
collaborators, and the framing in terms of modes, in line with ST, starting
from the research data available. In particular, the rationale of the intervention
will be proposed, aimed at accepting the risk of committing mistakes or
of coming into contact with disgusting substances. This general aim will then
be articulated in sub-aims, which may direct it, in a more specific way, on the
basis of the different modes that characterize the experience of obsessive patients},
keywords = {Acceptance, cognitive therapy, obsessive-compulsive disorder, Schema therapy},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy has been identified as the first choice treatment for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD). Although a significant proportion of patients benefit from Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, another still fails to respond to CBT. To improve outcomes, new targets of intervention have been broadened, but no clear and comprehensive conceptualizations of the disorder have been suggested. In the last few years, in the context of Schema Therapy (ST), several specific models have been proposed for the treatment of Axis I diagnostic categories (according to the classification of DSM IV), in addition to the more well-known conceptualizations related to Personality Disorders. Concerning OCD, several studies have investigated the effectiveness of ST in the treatment of OCD, but only few have tried to elaborate a
conceptualization of the disorder in terms of modes. This lack of knowledge and shared conceptualization might lead to difficulties in planning and evaluating effective interventions. The aim of this work is to present a conceptualization of the Obsessive Compulsive Disorder that results from the integration
between the Cognitive Therapy framework, as proposed by Mancini and
collaborators, and the framing in terms of modes, in line with ST, starting
from the research data available. In particular, the rationale of the intervention
will be proposed, aimed at accepting the risk of committing mistakes or
of coming into contact with disgusting substances. This general aim will then
be articulated in sub-aims, which may direct it, in a more specific way, on the
basis of the different modes that characterize the experience of obsessive patients
conceptualization of the disorder in terms of modes. This lack of knowledge and shared conceptualization might lead to difficulties in planning and evaluating effective interventions. The aim of this work is to present a conceptualization of the Obsessive Compulsive Disorder that results from the integration
between the Cognitive Therapy framework, as proposed by Mancini and
collaborators, and the framing in terms of modes, in line with ST, starting
from the research data available. In particular, the rationale of the intervention
will be proposed, aimed at accepting the risk of committing mistakes or
of coming into contact with disgusting substances. This general aim will then
be articulated in sub-aims, which may direct it, in a more specific way, on the
basis of the different modes that characterize the experience of obsessive patients
4.
Basile, Barbara; Luppino, Olga Ines; Mancini, Francesco; Tenore, Katia
In: Psychology, vol. 9, no 9, pp. 2296-2311, 2018, ISSN: 2152-7199.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tag: Acceptance, Chairwork, cognitive therapy, Imagery with Rescripting, obsessive-compulsive disorder, Schema therapy
@article{Basile2018b,
title = {A Theoretical Integration of Schema Therapy and Cognitive Therapy in OCD Treatment: Experiential Techniques and Cognitive-Based Interventions in Action (Part III)},
author = {Barbara Basile and Olga Ines Luppino and Francesco Mancini and Katia Tenore},
editor = {Scientific Research Publishing},
url = {https://apc.it/2018-a-theoretical-integration-part-3/},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.4236/psych.2018.99131},
issn = {2152-7199},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-09-11},
journal = {Psychology},
volume = {9},
number = {9},
pages = {2296-2311},
abstract = {This final article is part of the trilogy presenting a possible integration of Schema Therapy (ST) and Cognitive Therapy (CT) in Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) treatment. It aims at describing how experiential and cognitive based acceptance techniques might be applied to treat this psychopathological condition. In the first article published in this special issue ( Luppino et al., 2018 ) we reported the main data supporting the role of proximal psychological determinants in the genesis and maintenance of the obsessive symptomatology, highlighting the role of deontological guilt and disgust, and of the Not Just Right Experience. According to these, we described the internal profile of the disorder as conceptualized by Mancini’s (2018)cognitive model. In the second manuscript ( Tenore et al., 2018 ) we proposed a conceptualization of OCD, in terms of schemas and modes (as proposed by ST), integrating it with the previously described cognitive model. In agreement with these two articles, the aim of this work is to explain how experiential and cognitive techniques can be integrated to explain obsessive functioning and to achieve a successful treatment. We first describe emotion focused-experiential procedures derived from the ST framework, specifically focusing on imagery techniques, such as diagnostic imagery, rescripting and Healthy Adult imagery. Secondly we explain how chairwork can be applied to change obsessive dysfunctional schema modes. Finally, we focus on cognitive based acceptance intervention aimed at reducing the typical feelings of deontological guilt and disgust, two core emotions in OCD. In the conclusion we briefly resume the major aspects proposed in the three articles, and we present some potential further applications of a joined approach applied to other psychopathological conditions.},
keywords = {Acceptance, Chairwork, cognitive therapy, Imagery with Rescripting, obsessive-compulsive disorder, Schema therapy},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This final article is part of the trilogy presenting a possible integration of Schema Therapy (ST) and Cognitive Therapy (CT) in Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) treatment. It aims at describing how experiential and cognitive based acceptance techniques might be applied to treat this psychopathological condition. In the first article published in this special issue ( Luppino et al., 2018 ) we reported the main data supporting the role of proximal psychological determinants in the genesis and maintenance of the obsessive symptomatology, highlighting the role of deontological guilt and disgust, and of the Not Just Right Experience. According to these, we described the internal profile of the disorder as conceptualized by Mancini’s (2018)cognitive model. In the second manuscript ( Tenore et al., 2018 ) we proposed a conceptualization of OCD, in terms of schemas and modes (as proposed by ST), integrating it with the previously described cognitive model. In agreement with these two articles, the aim of this work is to explain how experiential and cognitive techniques can be integrated to explain obsessive functioning and to achieve a successful treatment. We first describe emotion focused-experiential procedures derived from the ST framework, specifically focusing on imagery techniques, such as diagnostic imagery, rescripting and Healthy Adult imagery. Secondly we explain how chairwork can be applied to change obsessive dysfunctional schema modes. Finally, we focus on cognitive based acceptance intervention aimed at reducing the typical feelings of deontological guilt and disgust, two core emotions in OCD. In the conclusion we briefly resume the major aspects proposed in the three articles, and we present some potential further applications of a joined approach applied to other psychopathological conditions.
5.
Basile, Barbara; Tenore, Katia; Mancini, Francesco
Investigating schema therapy constructs in individuals with depression Journal Article
In: Journal of Psychology and Clinical Psychiatry, vol. 9, no 2, pp. 214-221, 2018.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tag: avoidant coping strategies, depression, Early maladaptive schemas, modes, Schema therapy
@article{Basile2018,
title = {Investigating schema therapy constructs in individuals with depression},
author = {Barbara Basile and Katia Tenore and Francesco Mancini},
url = {https://apc.it/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/2018-Investigating-schema-therapy-Basile-et-al.pdf},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-04-25},
journal = {Journal of Psychology and Clinical Psychiatry},
volume = {9},
number = {2},
pages = {214-221},
abstract = {Background: Schema Therapy (ST) has been applied to several psychological disorders. The aim of this study was to further corroborate Renner’s ST model for depression (2012), investigating maladaptive schemas, modes, and avoidant coping styles in a large non-clinical sample and in two sub-groups of subjects with high and low depression rates. Descriptive, correlation and multiple regression analyses were run on the whole sample and in the two sub-groups, with additional analyses comparing ST constructs in highly depressed versus not depressed individuals. Within the total sample, a positive correlation was observed between levels of depression and
most maladaptive schemas, dysfunctional modes and intra-psychic avoidant coping strategies. Significant differences emerged with respect to the two sub-groups. Within the depressed group, positive associations occurred between the disconnection and rejection schema domain, the demanding parent mode and dissociative avoidant coping and symptoms severity. Multiple regression analyses also revealed the role of specific
predictor variables explaining depression levels. Despite some important caveats, like the recruitment of a non-clinical sample, our data further support Renner’s schema model for depression, adding some new evidences about the role of specific modes and avoidant coping strategies that seem to play a role in this psychopathological condition.},
keywords = {avoidant coping strategies, depression, Early maladaptive schemas, modes, Schema therapy},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Background: Schema Therapy (ST) has been applied to several psychological disorders. The aim of this study was to further corroborate Renner’s ST model for depression (2012), investigating maladaptive schemas, modes, and avoidant coping styles in a large non-clinical sample and in two sub-groups of subjects with high and low depression rates. Descriptive, correlation and multiple regression analyses were run on the whole sample and in the two sub-groups, with additional analyses comparing ST constructs in highly depressed versus not depressed individuals. Within the total sample, a positive correlation was observed between levels of depression and
most maladaptive schemas, dysfunctional modes and intra-psychic avoidant coping strategies. Significant differences emerged with respect to the two sub-groups. Within the depressed group, positive associations occurred between the disconnection and rejection schema domain, the demanding parent mode and dissociative avoidant coping and symptoms severity. Multiple regression analyses also revealed the role of specific
predictor variables explaining depression levels. Despite some important caveats, like the recruitment of a non-clinical sample, our data further support Renner’s schema model for depression, adding some new evidences about the role of specific modes and avoidant coping strategies that seem to play a role in this psychopathological condition.
most maladaptive schemas, dysfunctional modes and intra-psychic avoidant coping strategies. Significant differences emerged with respect to the two sub-groups. Within the depressed group, positive associations occurred between the disconnection and rejection schema domain, the demanding parent mode and dissociative avoidant coping and symptoms severity. Multiple regression analyses also revealed the role of specific
predictor variables explaining depression levels. Despite some important caveats, like the recruitment of a non-clinical sample, our data further support Renner’s schema model for depression, adding some new evidences about the role of specific modes and avoidant coping strategies that seem to play a role in this psychopathological condition.
6.
Basile, Barbara; Sanctis, Brunetto De; Fadda, Stefania; Luppino, Olga Ines; Perdighe, Claudia; Saliani, Angelo Maria; Tenore, Katia; Mancini, Francesco
Early life experiences in ocd and other disorders: a retrospective observational study using imagery with re-scripting Journal Article
In: Clinical Neuropsychiatry , vol. 15, no 5, pp. 299-305, 2018.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tag: early experiences, guilt, Imagery with Rescripting, OCD, Schema therapy
@article{Basile2018c,
title = {Early life experiences in ocd and other disorders: a retrospective observational study using imagery with re-scripting},
author = {Barbara Basile and Brunetto De Sanctis and Stefania Fadda and Olga Ines Luppino and Claudia Perdighe and Angelo Maria Saliani and Katia Tenore and Francesco Mancini},
editor = {Giovanni Fioriti Editore},
url = {https://apc.it/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/2018-Early-life-Experiences-in-ocd-2.pdf},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-02-01},
journal = {Clinical Neuropsychiatry },
volume = {15},
number = {5},
pages = {299-305},
abstract = {Objective: The close link between obsessive symptomatology, guilt and inflated responsibility is well documented, although one might suppose that guilt sensitiveness and dysfunctional beliefs about responsibility are rooted further in time. imagery with rescripting (iwr) is an emotion-focused technique that binds actual stressful emotions to past memories where similar feelings were activated. it is used to change the meaning of emotionally distressing memories, turning aversive mental images into positive ones, and achieving a healthier prospective on the event. the aim of this study was to compare the content of iwr exercises, collected during an on-going cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy, in OcD and non-OcD patients, in order to explore eventual differences in their early negative childhood memories. we expected guilt and blame-related childhood episodes to be more frequent in OcD, compared against non-OcD patients.
Method: forty-one imagery exercises were collected and categorized according to their content, emotions, needs, type of re-scripting, and fnal cognitive re-attribution.
Results: OCD patients reported signifcantly more blame/reproach memories, expressing more guilt emotion and needs for acceptance. within the re-scripting phase, all patients, regardless of their diagnosis, concluded the exercise protecting, reassuring and fostering emotional and needs expression, with no specifc difference between groups.
Conclusions: this work has several limitations, including the subjective nature of the study, the small sample size and unbalanced gender distribution across samples. However, our fndings are in line with cognitive models on OCD, supporting the role of guilt-related early experiences that seem to be specifc to this disorder
},
keywords = {early experiences, guilt, Imagery with Rescripting, OCD, Schema therapy},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Objective: The close link between obsessive symptomatology, guilt and inflated responsibility is well documented, although one might suppose that guilt sensitiveness and dysfunctional beliefs about responsibility are rooted further in time. imagery with rescripting (iwr) is an emotion-focused technique that binds actual stressful emotions to past memories where similar feelings were activated. it is used to change the meaning of emotionally distressing memories, turning aversive mental images into positive ones, and achieving a healthier prospective on the event. the aim of this study was to compare the content of iwr exercises, collected during an on-going cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy, in OcD and non-OcD patients, in order to explore eventual differences in their early negative childhood memories. we expected guilt and blame-related childhood episodes to be more frequent in OcD, compared against non-OcD patients.
Method: forty-one imagery exercises were collected and categorized according to their content, emotions, needs, type of re-scripting, and fnal cognitive re-attribution.
Results: OCD patients reported signifcantly more blame/reproach memories, expressing more guilt emotion and needs for acceptance. within the re-scripting phase, all patients, regardless of their diagnosis, concluded the exercise protecting, reassuring and fostering emotional and needs expression, with no specifc difference between groups.
Conclusions: this work has several limitations, including the subjective nature of the study, the small sample size and unbalanced gender distribution across samples. However, our fndings are in line with cognitive models on OCD, supporting the role of guilt-related early experiences that seem to be specifc to this disorder
Method: forty-one imagery exercises were collected and categorized according to their content, emotions, needs, type of re-scripting, and fnal cognitive re-attribution.
Results: OCD patients reported signifcantly more blame/reproach memories, expressing more guilt emotion and needs for acceptance. within the re-scripting phase, all patients, regardless of their diagnosis, concluded the exercise protecting, reassuring and fostering emotional and needs expression, with no specifc difference between groups.
Conclusions: this work has several limitations, including the subjective nature of the study, the small sample size and unbalanced gender distribution across samples. However, our fndings are in line with cognitive models on OCD, supporting the role of guilt-related early experiences that seem to be specifc to this disorder
7.
Basile, Barbara; Tenore, Katia; Luppino, Olga Ines; Mancini, Francesco
Schema Therapy mode model applied to OCD Journal Article
In: Clinical Neuropsychiatry, vol. 14, no 6, pp. 407-414, 2017.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tag: coping strategies, Early maladaptive schemas, modes, obsessive-compulsive disorder, Schema therapy
@article{Basile2017,
title = {Schema Therapy mode model applied to OCD},
author = {Barbara Basile and Katia Tenore and Olga Ines Luppino and Francesco Mancini},
editor = {Giovanni Fioriti Editore},
url = {https://apc.it/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/2017-schema-therapy-mode-Basile-et-al-clinical-neuropsychiatry.pdf},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-11-01},
journal = {Clinical Neuropsychiatry},
volume = {14},
number = {6},
pages = {407-414},
abstract = {Objective: Schema Therapy (ST) places particular emphasis on affective experiences, therapeutic relationship and early life experiences. Ad hoc ST conceptualizations for specific psychological conditions, mainly focusing on personality disorders, have been suggested in the last decade. The aim of this study was to explore schemas, modes and coping styles in outpatients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). Method: thirty-four patients with OCD [DSM5 criteria, mean age(SD)=33(8.38) years; 12 females] were recruited. Schemas, modes and coping styles were measured. Indexes of OCD symptoms’, guilt and disgust levels were also collected. Descriptive, correlation and multiple regression analyses were performed.
Results: OCD symptoms’ severity was significantly associated with social isolation, failure, subjugation and punishment schemas, and with the punitive parent mode. A positive relationship was also detected between OCD severity, and avoidance and intra-psychic coping styles and disgust intensity. Regression analyses revealed that the social isolation and punitiveness schemas, the punitive parent mode and behavioral avoidance coping style predicted OCD severity, with behavioral avoidance playing a significant mediation role between dysfunctional schemas and symptoms.
Conclusions: Our data confirm previous findings on Schema model applied to OCD. An important limitation of the study is represented by the lack of an Italian control group. },
keywords = {coping strategies, Early maladaptive schemas, modes, obsessive-compulsive disorder, Schema therapy},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Objective: Schema Therapy (ST) places particular emphasis on affective experiences, therapeutic relationship and early life experiences. Ad hoc ST conceptualizations for specific psychological conditions, mainly focusing on personality disorders, have been suggested in the last decade. The aim of this study was to explore schemas, modes and coping styles in outpatients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). Method: thirty-four patients with OCD [DSM5 criteria, mean age(SD)=33(8.38) years; 12 females] were recruited. Schemas, modes and coping styles were measured. Indexes of OCD symptoms’, guilt and disgust levels were also collected. Descriptive, correlation and multiple regression analyses were performed.
Results: OCD symptoms’ severity was significantly associated with social isolation, failure, subjugation and punishment schemas, and with the punitive parent mode. A positive relationship was also detected between OCD severity, and avoidance and intra-psychic coping styles and disgust intensity. Regression analyses revealed that the social isolation and punitiveness schemas, the punitive parent mode and behavioral avoidance coping style predicted OCD severity, with behavioral avoidance playing a significant mediation role between dysfunctional schemas and symptoms.
Conclusions: Our data confirm previous findings on Schema model applied to OCD. An important limitation of the study is represented by the lack of an Italian control group.
Results: OCD symptoms’ severity was significantly associated with social isolation, failure, subjugation and punishment schemas, and with the punitive parent mode. A positive relationship was also detected between OCD severity, and avoidance and intra-psychic coping styles and disgust intensity. Regression analyses revealed that the social isolation and punitiveness schemas, the punitive parent mode and behavioral avoidance coping style predicted OCD severity, with behavioral avoidance playing a significant mediation role between dysfunctional schemas and symptoms.
Conclusions: Our data confirm previous findings on Schema model applied to OCD. An important limitation of the study is represented by the lack of an Italian control group.